Politics, Military & International Relations

John Lee Ka-chiu is a Hong Kong politician and former police officer who became chief executive of Hong Kong on 1 July 2022.

American Democratic politician and former documentary executive serving as a U.S. senator from Georgia since 2021.

Karoline Leavitt is an American political spokesperson who served as White House press secretary from January 2025 to August 2026, becoming the youngest person to hold the position.

British politician who became Conservative Party leader and Leader of the Opposition in November 2024.

Kimberly Guilfoyle is an American former prosecutor, television presenter, political fundraiser, and diplomat who served as U.S. ambassador to Greece from 2025 to 2026.

The Chinese Nationalist Party, which governed mainland China before relocating to Taiwan and becoming a participant in its multiparty democracy.

Taiwanese physician and politician who became president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in May 2024.

The League of Nations was an international organization that pursued peace, collective security, and international cooperation from 1920 to 1946.

Lee Shu-chuan is a Taiwanese politician and former senior municipal administrator who became the Kuomintang’s candidate for New Taipei mayor in 2026.

Taiwanese agricultural economist and Republic of China president, 1988–2000, during Taiwan’s transition to direct presidential elections.

A legislature is a public institution authorized to make laws, represent constituencies, approve public finances, and scrutinize government within a constitutional framework.

Li Keqiang (1955–2023) was a Chinese politician who served as premier of the State Council from 2013 to 2023.

Chinese military commander and political leader who became Mao Zedong’s designated successor before dying in a plane crash in 1971.

Chinese literary critic, writer, and human rights advocate awarded the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize.

Ma Ying-jeou is a Taiwanese politician and legal scholar who served as president of the Republic of China from 2008 to 2016.

Mao Anying (1922–1950), the eldest son of Mao Zedong and Yang Kaihui, was a Russian-language interpreter and secretary killed during the Korean War.

American politician and diplomat, secretary of state since 2025 and former U.S. senator from Florida.

British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, the first woman to hold that office.

The mayor of Taipei is the directly elected chief executive of Taipei City, Taiwan, serving a four-year term with eligibility for one consecutive re-election.

Miao Poya is a Taiwanese politician and rights activist, elected to Taipei City Council in 2018 and reelected in 2022.

Mike Rogers is the name of two American Republican politicians associated with Michigan and Alabama, respectively.

Japanese military commander whose victories in the Genpei War and subsequent downfall inspired a lasting literary and theatrical tradition.

Japanese swordsman, strategist, writer, and artist who founded Niten Ichi-ryū and wrote The Book of Five Rings.

Nationalism is an ideology and political movement that treats the nation as a basis of collective identity, loyalty, and self-government.

South African jurist who served as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (2008–2014) and as a judge at several international courts; 2026 Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

The Nazi Party (NSDAP) was Germany's far-right, antisemitic mass party. Under Adolf Hitler it took power in 1933 and ruled as a one-party dictatorship until 1945.

An international award established by Alfred Nobel’s will and presented by an independent Norwegian committee for contributions to peace.

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that releases energy from nuclear fission or fusion, and it remains central to debates on military strategy, arms control and ethics.

UNHCR is the United Nations refugee agency, providing international protection, humanitarian assistance, and support for lasting solutions to displacement and statelessness.

The constitutional principle that Parliament holds supreme legislative authority, classically associated with the United Kingdom.

American defense secretary, Army veteran, author, and former television host.

An organization that seeks to acquire and exercise political power, usually by contesting elections and forming governments.

Organized communication intended to shape perceptions, beliefs, and behavior in support of a particular cause or interest.

Puma Shen is a Taiwanese lawyer, criminologist, and Democratic Progressive Party politician who entered the Legislative Yuan in 2024.

American nonprofit policy research organization originating in military analysis and active across defense, health, education, economics, and technology.

A direct popular vote on a specific question, such as a law, constitutional amendment or territorial issue, covering its forms, rules, history and controversies.

Swedish single-engine multirole fighter family developed for air defence, attack, and reconnaissance.

A European area without routine internal border checks, supported by common external-border rules, visa policies, and security cooperation.

The Schutzstaffel, or SS, was a Nazi organization central to political repression, the concentration camp system, and the Holocaust.

The United Nations’ chief administrative officer, responsible for leading its Secretariat and carrying out diplomatic and organizational functions.

Separation of powers distributes governmental authority among distinct institutions, usually legislative, executive, and judicial bodies, to limit concentrated power.

Chinese-born Cambodian businessman, arrested in Thailand in 2022 and extradited to China in 2025; he faces allegations of illegal gambling and fraud operations.

Socialism is a family of political and economic ideas that advocate social or collective ownership and control of the means of production, greater equality, and the institutions and movements built around them.

Chinese political figure, wife of Chiang Kai-shek, and advocate for Nationalist China in international diplomacy and social welfare.

Sovereignty is supreme political authority within a territory and the independence of a state in international relations.

A state is a territorial political organization that exercises public authority through enduring institutions and, when sovereign, participates independently in international relations.

Su Chiao-hui is a Taiwanese lawyer and Democratic Progressive Party politician who has represented New Taipei City’s fifth constituency in the Legislative Yuan since 2016.

Su Tseng-chang is a Taiwanese politician who served twice as premier and twice as chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party.

A ballistic missile launched from a submarine, forming a core part of several nuclear powers' deterrent forces.

Sustainable development integrates economic, social, and environmental objectives while safeguarding future generations’ ability to meet their needs.

The Sustainable Development Goals are 17 United Nations goals guiding global action on social, economic, and environmental development through 2030.

Suthida is the queen consort of Thailand, married to King Vajiralongkorn since 1 May 2019, and a former flight attendant and royal guard officer.

American mathematician and domestic terrorist known as the Unabomber, responsible for a bombing campaign from 1978 to 1995.

Taiwanese politician and legal scholar who served as president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 2016 to 2024, its first woman president.

Hong Kong businessman and politician who served as the territory’s first chief executive from 1997 to 2005.

UNESCO is a United Nations specialized agency, founded in 1945 and based in Paris, that works through education, the sciences, culture, and communication and information.

A United Nations fund supporting children’s rights, basic services, development and humanitarian assistance worldwide.

A unitary state organizes public authority within a single constitutional framework, while allowing varying degrees of regional and local self-government.

The United Nations is an international organization established in 1945 to maintain peace, promote human rights, and support cooperation and development.

The founding treaty of the United Nations, establishing its institutions, purposes, and rules for international peace, security, and cooperation.