Places

São Tomé and Príncipe is a volcanic island country of two main islands and islets in the Gulf of Guinea, known for its rainforests and high rate of endemic species.

Sovereign state occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia, known for its desert landscapes, oil resources, and the holy cities of Mecca and Medina.

Northern European region of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, linked by shared languages, history and culture.

A European area without routine internal border checks, supported by common external-border rules, visa policies, and security cooperation.

Seattle is the largest city in Washington State, a Pacific Northwest port on Puget Sound known for its aerospace, software, and trade economy.

Senegal is a West African republic on the Atlantic coast, with a semi-presidential system, a Sahel-to-coast landscape, and a current public-debt crisis.

Seoul is the capital and largest city of South Korea. Set on the Han River, it has about two thousand years of settlement history and a central role in the country's politics, economy and culture.

Serbia is a landlocked country in the central Balkans and southern Pannonian Plain, shaped by the Danube basin, its plains and its mountain ranges.

An island republic of about 115 islands in the western Indian Ocean, known for its endemic biodiversity, tourism- and fishing-based economy, and independence from Britain in 1976.

Shanghai is China's largest city and a municipality under the central government, located on the Yangtze River Delta at the East China Sea coast.

Shenzhen is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China. It was the country's first special economic zone and grew from a fishing town into a global technology and finance hub.

West African Atlantic coastal republic whose geography centres on Freetown, its natural harbour, and mineral-rich interior.

Silicon Valley is the name for the Santa Clara Valley region in Northern California, a global center of semiconductor, software, and internet industries.

A network of overland and maritime trade routes linking East Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and Europe, c. 2nd century BCE–15th century CE.

Singapore is a city-state and island country at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, known for its dense urban population, its role as a global trade and finance hub, and its state-led development.

Slovakia is a landlocked Central European country of about 49,000 km², with the Carpathian mountains in the north and centre, lowlands in the south, and drainage to the Danube and Vistula systems.

Slovenia is a small Alpine-Adriatic country in Central Europe, an EU and euro-area member with Ljubljana as its capital.

An archipelagic country of roughly 900 islands in Melanesia, the Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth parliamentary democracy with its capital at Honiara.

Somalia is a federal republic in the Horn of Africa, covering its land, water, climate, history, politics, economy, society and culture.

The Song dynasty ruled China from 960 to 1279, combining civilian government, commercial expansion, technological innovation, and influential artistic and philosophical traditions.

South Africa is a country at the southern tip of Africa, known for its varied landscapes, climate and biodiversity.

South America is Earth's fourth-largest continent, lying mostly in the Southern Hemisphere and home to the Andes, the Amazon basin and twelve sovereign states.

South Korea is a high-income country occupying the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia, with a population of about 51 million concentrated in its northwest.

South Sudan is a landlocked country in northeastern Africa, the world's youngest state, independent since 2011 and shaped by the Nile, wetlands, and a long run of conflict.

Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia of eleven sovereign states, divided into mainland and maritime parts, with a long history of trade, religious exchange and colonial rule.

The Soviet Union (USSR) was a one-party socialist federal state across much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991, and one of the two superpowers of the Cold War.

Spain is a transcontinental kingdom in southwestern Europe and northern Africa, occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula. Its history spans Roman, Islamic, and imperial periods.

An island nation in the Indian Ocean off southern India, known for its varied relief, monsoon climate, river systems, and biodiversity.

A state is a territorial political organization that exercises public authority through enduring institutions and, when sovereign, participates independently in international relations.

A copper statue of Libertas on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, a gift from France dedicated in 1886, designed by Bartholdi and engineered by Eiffel.

Stockholm is Sweden’s capital and largest city, an island-spanning centre of government, commerce, research, and culture.

The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow sea passage linking the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman. Historically, about a fifth of global oil and LNG trade has passed through it.

Sudan is a country in northeastern Africa, known for the Nile, the ancient Kingdom of Kush, and a civil war that began in 2023.

Ancient southern Mesopotamian region whose cities helped shape early urban civilization, writing, government, and literature.

A small Dutch-speaking republic on South America's northern Atlantic coast, known for its rainforest, multiethnic society, gold economy and coming offshore oil.

A historic canal city and major manufacturing center in China’s Yangtze River Delta, renowned for its classical gardens and Wu cultural traditions.

Sweden is a Nordic country on the eastern Scandinavian Peninsula, known for its long north–south extent, forests, lakes, and archipelagos.

Switzerland is a landlocked Alpine country in central Europe with about 9 million people, known for its federal system, frequent referendums, permanent neutrality, and strong finance, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing sectors.

Largest city in Australia and capital of New South Wales

Syria: a country on the eastern Mediterranean, covering its geography, history, society, economy and the post-2024 transition.

Taipei is the capital and largest city of Taiwan, a special municipality on the island's northern edge and the core of the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area.

Taipei Songshan Airport is a joint civil–military airport in central Taipei, serving domestic routes and selected regional international destinations.

Taiwan is an island off the southeastern coast of mainland China, straddling the Tropic of Cancer, with mountainous terrain, a subtropical to tropical climate, and dense western plains.

Taj Mahal is a white marble mausoleum in Agra, India, built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Tajikistan is a mountainous, landlocked Central Asian republic whose history, geography, and economy are shaped by the Pamirs, glacier-fed rivers, and post-Soviet transition.

The Tang dynasty (618–907) followed the Sui as a unified Chinese dynasty. It was based in Chang'an, had 21 emperors over 289 years, and marked a high point of imperial China's politics, economy and culture.

Tanzania is an East African country spanning the Indian Ocean coast, the Great Rift Valley, Africa's highest peak Kilimanjaro, and the Great Lakes Victoria and Tanganyika.

Tehran is the capital and largest city of Iran, located on the southern slopes of the Alborz Mountains.

The Terracotta Army is a set of life-sized clay soldiers and horses buried near the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, around 210–209 BCE.

Thailand is a Southeast Asian country of about 513,000 km² on mainland Southeast Asia, bordering Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Malaysia, with Bangkok as its capital.

The Three Gorges Dam is a multipurpose Yangtze River project built for flood control, hydroelectric generation, and navigation.

Tianjin is a northern Chinese municipality and port whose development connects imperial waterways, treaty-port history, industry, and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region.

The Tibetan Plateau is the world’s highest and largest plateau, shaping Asian climate, river systems, ecosystems, and high-altitude human settlement.

Togo is a narrow West African state on the Gulf of Guinea, bordered by Ghana, Benin and Burkina Faso. Its geography ranges from a coastal lagoon plain to northern savanna.

Tokyo is the capital of Japan and the core of the Greater Tokyo Area, shaped by Edo-period planning, modern industrialization, and repeated rebuilding after disasters.

Tonga is a South Pacific kingdom of about 170 islands, mostly coral and some volcanic, with a total land area near 750 km².

Toronto is the capital of the Canadian province of Ontario and Canada's most populous city, located on the north shore of Lake Ontario, and the core of the fast-growing Greater Toronto Area.

Trinidad and Tobago is an island country of the southeastern Caribbean, made up of two main islands lying just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela.

Troy is an ancient city in northwestern Turkey, renowned for its archaeological remains and its place in Greek epic tradition.

Tunisia is a North African country on the Mediterranean, known for its Carthaginian and Roman heritage, its range of coastal, steppe and Saharan landscapes, and its recent political and economic changes.