Places

Cambodia is a Southeast Asian kingdom on the lower Mekong, with a history shaped by the Khmer Empire, Angkor, and 20th-century conflict.

Cameroon is a Central African republic on the Gulf of Guinea, known for its linguistic and ecological diversity, its colonial partition, and its long-serving presidency.

Canada is a federal parliamentary state and constitutional monarchy in northern North America. It is the world's second-largest country by total area, with a bilingual, multicultural society.

Cape Town is a coastal city in South Africa's Western Cape province, known for its Table Mountain landscape, Mediterranean climate, water management history and layered colonial and apartheid past.

Cape Verde is a semi-presidential island republic of ten inhabited volcanic islands in the Atlantic, about 450–570 km off the coast of West Africa.

A tropical region of the Caribbean Sea and surrounding islands linking North and South America, shaped by volcanism, colonial history, hurricanes and cultural exchange.

Casablanca is the largest city of Morocco and its main port and economic centre, on the Atlantic coast of the Chaouia plain.

Landlocked country at the heart of Africa, straddling the Congo and Nile watersheds; this entry covers its geography, climate, ecology, population, resources, and the spatial dimensions of its history and politics.

Spanish autonomous city on North Africa’s Mediterranean coast, distinguished by its strategic port, layered history, and border with Morocco.

Landlocked Central African country whose Saharan and Sahelian geography, shrinking Lake Chad basin, oil-dependent economy, and political and humanitarian pressures define its modern profile.

Capital of Sichuan, China, and a major southwestern center of commerce, industry, education, and culture.

Chicago is the largest city in Illinois and the third-most populous city in the United States, on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan.

Chile is a long, narrow country on South America's Pacific coast, known for the Andes, the Atacama Desert and its presidential republic system.

China is the third-largest country by area, located in East Asia on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean, with a territory of about 9.6 million square kilometres and diverse landforms.

Chongqing is China's largest direct-controlled municipality, a mountainous river hub in the southwest with a history of more than 3,000 years and some 32 million residents.

A city is a concentrated human settlement that organizes population, economic activity, institutions, and infrastructure within an urban area.

Colombia is a country in northwestern South America, with Andean highlands, two coastlines, Llanos plains and Amazon territory.

Flavian Amphitheatre in Rome, built AD 70s–80s, the largest Roman amphitheatre and a symbol of ancient Rome.

Comoros is an island nation of volcanic islands in the Indian Ocean, off eastern Africa, with about 0.9 million people and a small, aid- and remittance-dependent economy.

Constantinople, now Istanbul, was the eastern Roman and Byzantine imperial capital and, after its conquest in 1453, the Ottoman capital.

A continent is one of Earth's very large landmasses. Geography defines continents partly by convention, while geology defines them by continental crust.

Copenhagen (Danish: København) is the capital and largest city of Denmark, on Zealand and Amager by the Øresund strait.

Costa Rica is a Central American country on the isthmus between Nicaragua and Panama, known for volcanic highlands, two coastlines, and an exceptional concentration of species.

Croatia is a country on the eastern Adriatic coast of southeastern Europe, known for its indented coastline, karst landscapes, and diverse climate zones.

Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean and a sovereign island nation in the Greater Antilles, covering about 110,860 km².

Eastern Mediterranean island: physical geography, climate, resources, and the division since 1974.

A landlocked Central European state comprising Bohemia, Moravia and part of Czech Silesia, with Prague as its capital and an advanced, export-oriented economy within the EU.

Delhi is the national capital territory of India, a metropolis on the Yamuna River shaped by successive historic cities and rapid modern urban growth.

Central African state with the Congo River basin, major cobalt and copper reserves, and a long history of conflict and state fragility.

Denmark is a flat, low-lying Nordic country of Jutland and over 400 islands, bordering the North Sea and the Baltic, and part of a wider realm.

Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh and one of the world's largest and most densely populated urban areas, with a history from Mughal capital to megacity.

Djibouti is a small Horn of Africa state on the Gulf of Aden, known for its port, strategic location, and multiple foreign military bases.

Dominica is a mountainous, volcanic island republic of 751 square kilometres in the eastern Caribbean's Lesser Antilles, lying between Guadeloupe and Martinique and covered largely by rainforest.

The Dominican Republic is a Caribbean country on the eastern two-thirds of Hispaniola, with mountainous terrain, tropical climate, and diverse coasts and ecosystems.

Dubai is an emirate and city on the Persian Gulf in the United Arab Emirates, known as a major hub for trade, aviation, finance and tourism.

Dublin is the capital and largest city of Ireland, on the east coast at the mouth of the River Liffey. Founded by Vikings around 841, it is now a major centre of government, finance and technology.

Dunhuang is an oasis city in northwest China on the Silk Road, known for the Mogao Caves and the manuscripts found in one of them in 1900.

East Timor occupies the eastern half of Timor island in Southeast Asia. Its mountains, tropical climate, coral coasts and offshore gas fields shape its environment and economy.

Ecuador is a country on South America's Pacific coast, straddling the equator and spanning four contrasting natural regions.

Capital of Scotland, known for its UNESCO-listed Old and New Towns, its universities, finance sector, and international festivals.

Egypt is a country in northeastern Africa and the Sinai Peninsula, where most people live along the Nile valley and delta.

Wrought-iron lattice tower in Paris, built 1887–1889 for the World's Fair and now a global symbol of France.

El Salvador is Central America's smallest and most densely populated country: a dollarized Pacific-coast republic on a volcanic arc, shaped by a 1980s civil war and recent security policy.

The Japanese imperial state formed after the Meiji Restoration, its overseas empire, and its transformation following defeat in 1945.

Equatorial Guinea is a small Central African country on the Gulf of Guinea, with mainland and island territories, Spanish as an official language, independence from Spain in 1968, and an oil- and gas-driven economy.

A Red Sea coastal state in the Horn of Africa, with terrain that runs from arid coastal lowlands to a central plateau above 2,000 metres.

Estonia is a small Baltic republic in Northern Europe, an EU and NATO member known for its restored independence and digital governance.

Eswatini is a landlocked absolute monarchy in Southern Africa, bordered by South Africa and Mozambique, formerly known as Swaziland.

Landlocked country in the Horn of Africa, with one of the world's oldest continuous state traditions, a highland-centred geography, and a population of about 130 million.

Europe is a continent at the western end of Eurasia, known for its contested boundaries, varied geography, and dense history.

Fiji is an island country of more than 300 islands in the southwest Pacific, known for its volcanic landscapes, coral reefs, multiethnic society and tourism-based economy.

Finland is a Nordic republic in northern Europe, known for its lakes and forests, parliamentary government, and welfare state.

Florence is the capital of Tuscany in central Italy, on the Arno River. It was a leading center of the Renaissance and is known for its art and architecture.

The Forbidden City is Beijing’s former Ming and Qing imperial palace, renowned for its architecture, court history, and museum collections.

A major U.S. Army installation in central Texas, serving as a center for armored-force training, command, and deployment.

France is a Western European state with a metropolitan core and overseas territories across several oceans, South America and Antarctic claims.

Frankfurt am Main is a major city on the Main River in Hesse, western Germany, known as a European financial centre and the seat of the European Central Bank.

Gabon is a Central African country on the Atlantic coast, straddling the equator, known for its rainforests, oil-based economy and recent political transition.

The Gambia is a small West African country, almost surrounded by Senegal, whose territory follows the Gambia River and its floodplain.

Geneva is a city in western Switzerland on Lake Geneva, known for its role as a hub of international diplomacy, humanitarian institutions, finance and science.