University of Southern California

The University of Southern California (USC) is a private research university in Los Angeles, in the United States. It opened on October 6, 1880, with 53 students and 10 teachers. Its two principal campuses, University Park and Health Sciences, support a broad range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional education. For the 2025–2026 academic year, USC reported approximately 46,000 students, including 21,000 undergraduates and 25,000 graduate and professional students. (usc.edu)

USC combines liberal arts and sciences with professional schools in fields including engineering, business, law, medicine, communication, and the arts. Its institutional history is closely connected with the growth of Los Angeles and its cultural and technological industries: the School of Cinematic Arts dates to 1929, while researchers at the Information Sciences Institute contributed to the development of the Internet, including the Domain Name System in 1983. Its clinical institutions, community partnerships, and Trojan athletic programs also connect the university with public life beyond its campuses. (departmentsdirectory.usc.edu)

Founding and Historical Development

Robert Maclay Widney, a lawyer, judge and real-estate promoter, began organizing support for a university in Los Angeles in the early 1870s. In 1879 he formed a board of trustees and secured a donation of 308 land lots from horticulturist Ozro W. Childs, former California governor John G. Downey, and banker Isaias W. Hellman. Their gift supplied both a campus site and property that could support an endowment, linking the institution’s establishment to local land development and philanthropy. The donors came from Protestant, Catholic and Jewish backgrounds, although the university’s early organization was associated with the Methodist community. (usc.edu)

USC opened on October 6, 1880, under its first president, Marion McKinley Bovard, with 53 students and 10 teachers. It was coeducational from the outset: the initial enrollment included young men and women in two divisions, an “academic” or preparatory department and a college department, subsequently called the College of Liberal Arts. Thus, not all of its first students were undertaking college-level degrees; preparatory instruction formed part of the institution’s original educational function. Its first commencement, in 1884, recognized three graduates, with Minnie Miltimore serving as valedictorian. (usc.edu)

Professional education developed alongside the liberal-arts curriculum. The Department of Music, opened in 1884, was the predecessor of the later Thornton School of Music, while the College of Medicine, established in 1885, eventually became the Keck School of Medicine. These later names should not be applied retrospectively to the founding units. Medical teaching initially occupied a building at 445 Aliso Street, formerly used by a winery, which was subsequently expanded with laboratories, an outpatient clinic and a free dispensary. Further diversification included dentistry courses in 1897, a law school in 1900 and pharmacy in 1905. Engineering instruction began in 1905, but the College of Engineering was not formally organized until 1928; the Department of Cinema followed in 1929. (usc.edu)

World War II altered both enrollment and instruction. Within eight months of the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, enrollment fell by 15%, and 75 faculty members left for wartime service. The forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans interrupted the education of approximately 120 USC students. Meanwhile, military instruction expanded through a naval preparatory flight school, the Army Specialized Training Unit and the Navy’s V-12 program. More than 1,400 military students were on campus by 1943, and servicemen constituted over 75% of the male student population by 1945. Returning veterans subsequently helped drive enrollment to 24,000 in 1947. (today.usc.edu)

President Fred D. Fagg Jr., who took office in 1947, addressed the resulting shortage of space and institutional resources. In April 1948, USC dedicated 29 buildings donated by the Federal Works Agency and relocated from Santa Ana Air Base. Fagg also established a development office, introduced modern cost-accounting practices, expanded library holdings and acquired land near the county hospital for a Health Sciences Campus. Under Norman H. Topping, president from 1958 to 1970, the May 1961 “Master Plan for Enterprise and Excellence in Education” set a fundraising target of $106,675,000. Originally envisaged as a twenty-year undertaking, the target was surpassed in little more than five years; the campaign doubled the endowment and added 30 buildings across the two campuses. USC entered the Association of American Universities in 1969. Under James H. Zumberge, sponsored research funding subsequently increased from $71.5 million in 1981 to $174.5 million in 1990, documenting the continued expansion of its research activity. (cataloguepubs.usc.edu)

Campuses and the Built Environment

USC’s two principal campuses occupy separate areas of Los Angeles. University Park, adjoining Exposition Park southwest of downtown, contains most of the university’s academic schools and units; the Health Sciences Campus lies northeast of downtown in Boyle Heights and concentrates medical and pharmaceutical education, biomedical research, and clinical facilities. USC describes their areas as 229 acres and 79 acres, respectively. Each is approximately three miles from downtown, while the campuses are about seven miles apart: they form distinct urban complexes rather than adjoining parts of one estate. (usc.edu)

University Park’s oldest surviving building is the structure now called Widney Alumni House, designed by E. F. Kysor and Octavius Morgan in 1880. Originally accommodating classrooms, religious services, and the university library, it subsequently changed functions and locations as larger facilities replaced its original uses; its latest relocation, to Childs Way, occurred in 1997. The campus’s architectural development is documented in the historic-resource studies prepared for its expansion plans. These identify John Parkinson’s Bovard Administration Building of 1921 as Romanesque Revival, Parkinson & Parkinson’s Bridge Memorial Hall and Student Union of 1928 in the same tradition, and Samuel E. Lunden’s Doheny Memorial Library of 1932 as Italian Renaissance Revival. University Park therefore combines several periods and architectural idioms rather than a single uniformly executed design. (planning.lacity.gov)

Teaching, research, and library buildings are connected through a network of pedestrian corridors and open spaces. The University Park Campus Specific Plan’s landscape guidelines identify Childs Way, Trousdale Parkway, 34th Street, and McClintock Avenue as the principal spatial framework, with secondary routes linking courtyards and quadrangles. This planning approach treats circulation and landscaped spaces as organizing elements between buildings. Libraries are distributed among general and disciplinary facilities, including Doheny, Leavey, and the Science and Engineering Library. Newer construction also accommodates different working arrangements: Michelson Hall, opened in 2017, provides shared research spaces for engineers and scientists rather than solely departmental accommodation. (fpm.usc.edu)

Residential expansion extends University Park across Jefferson Boulevard. USC Village opened on August 17, 2017, as a $700 million residential-retail development on 15 acres. Its Collegiate Gothic architecture includes residence halls, courtyards, and a central piazza; housing occupies upper floors above ground-level shops and restaurants. Designed to house approximately 2,500 students, the complex combines residential colleges with dining, study, and recreational facilities while maintaining a neighborhood-facing retail component. Its location across the boulevard connects student accommodation with the teaching buildings, laboratories, and libraries of the main campus. (today.usc.edu)

The Health Sciences Campus, opened in 1952, has developed around the overlapping requirements of education, laboratories, and patient care. Its facilities include the Norris Medical Library, clinical buildings, and specialized research accommodation. A June 2017 account of campus redevelopment described the conversion of the Raulston Memorial Research Building into Stevens Hall for neuroimaging, a new outpatient building at Alcazar and San Pablo streets, and Currie Hall’s 178 residential units. The same redevelopment included widened sidewalks, landscaping, lighting, and additional parking, addressing pedestrian movement alongside the vehicular demands of a clinical campus. (today.usc.edu)

Transportation links the campuses without eliminating their physical separation. USC operates an intercampus shuttle and services connecting both campuses with Union Station; University Park also connects with the regional rail network through nearby Metro E Line stations. Access to university grounds is distinct from access to individual facilities: USC’s campus-access policy permits restrictions on particular buildings or locations, and its published procedures distinguish pedestrian entry, vehicle entry, and after-hours guest registration. The surrounding street network, transit connections, and neighborhood-facing facilities thus coexist with institutionally managed entrances and building access. (transnet.usc.edu)

Governance and Financial Organization

USC is a private corporation governed by a self-perpetuating Board of Trustees: trustees are selected through the university’s corporate governance arrangements rather than public elections. Its bylaws place ultimate institutional authority with the board and assign the president responsibility for implementing board policy as chief executive officer. The president directs university operations and may delegate functions to other officers. Board committees provide specialized oversight; for example, the Academic Affairs Committee reviews academic programs and faculty appointment patterns, while participating administrators and advisory representatives do not vote as trustees. USC’s leadership page identifies Beong-Soo Kim as its thirteenth president and Suzanne Nora Johnson as board chair. (oec.usc.edu)

Academic deans administer individual schools within this executive structure, while senior administrators oversee university-wide functions such as academic affairs, finance, human resources, research, advancement, and health affairs. The 2024 Faculty Handbook specifies that deans normally receive an expected term of five years and may be reappointed after review; an administrative appointment does not itself carry tenure in office. Authority to commit university resources is separately controlled. Under USC’s signature policy, deans and department chairs generally lack authority to sign agreements binding the university unless appropriately authorized, distinguishing responsibility for a school from corporate contracting authority. (oec.usc.edu)

Shared governance operates through faculty representation and consultation rather than a parallel executive hierarchy. The Academic Senate represents faculty across USC, principally through representatives elected by school faculty councils. Councils consult their deans, communicate faculty views, and nominate members for university committees. The handbook requires councils and administrators to develop written expectations identifying which faculty bodies are consulted, decide matters, or make effective recommendations—for example, whether curriculum changes require approval by a curriculum committee, department, or council. The Senate can make studies, reports, and recommendations to the president, but its endorsement alone does not establish university policy; amendments to the Faculty Handbook require presidential adoption. (academicsenate.usc.edu)

Other constituencies participate through distinct representative organizations. Undergraduate Student Government’s legislative committees advocate on academic affairs, accessibility, affordability, and other student concerns. Graduate Student Government represents graduate and professional students through officers, senators, and committees, manages student resources, and communicates with administrators and academic departments. Staff Assembly represents regular, nonunion, benefits-eligible staff and researches workplace, benefits, and policy issues to make recommendations. These bodies provide representation and administer activities within their respective mandates, without replacing the board’s corporate authority or the president’s executive responsibilities. (usg.usc.edu)

USC’s audited financial reporting distinguishes annual activity from assets held at a reporting date. Fiscal year 2025 ended June 30, 2025. Operating revenue categories include tuition and fees, clinical services, sponsored contracts and grants, contributions, auxiliary enterprises, sales and services, and allocated endowment spending. Investment returns are therefore not interchangeable with the amount allocated to operations. Expenditure categories include salaries and benefits, materials and supplies, depreciation, interest, and other operating costs. For fiscal 2025, expenses before insurance recoveries totaled $7.772 billion; salaries and benefits accounted for 58.1%. The consolidated operating deficit was $195 million after $56 million in insurance recoveries. (bpb-us-w1.wpmucdn.com)

The endowment, reported at approximately $8.8 billion on June 30, 2025, is an invested asset pool, not the annual operating budget or an unrestricted cash balance. USC allocated $384 million of accumulated endowment returns to operations during fiscal 2025 under a spending policy designed to smooth market fluctuations. Contributions received for permanent endowment investment are held in perpetuity and recorded with donor restrictions. Gift restrictions also distinguish resources available for general operations from those committed to specified purposes; fundraising announcements do not necessarily equal contribution revenue recognized under accounting rules, particularly when pledges contain unmet conditions. (usc.edu)

Academic Structure and Degree Programs

The USC Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences houses the university’s principal programs in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, including undergraduate majors and graduate research programs. Its current name dates to March 23, 2011, when the college was named for donors Dana and David Dornsife. Specialized schools provide additional disciplinary and professional programs, rather than functioning simply as subdivisions of Dornsife. The USC Graduate School has a different, university-wide role: within the Office of Academic Programs, it provides leadership on graduate policies, standards, and procedures, administers fellowships, and manages thesis and dissertation submission. Graduate education therefore combines school- and department-based instruction and supervision with central Graduate School support; graduate students are not all taught in a separate graduate college. (usc.edu)

Nonclinical professional education spans several degree levels. The USC Viterbi School of Engineering offers undergraduate engineering and computer science majors alongside master’s and doctoral programs. The USC Marshall School of Business provides the BS in Business Administration, MBA programs, and research doctorates in business disciplines. The USC Gould School of Law offers undergraduate legal studies, the professional Juris Doctor (JD), and graduate qualifications such as the Master of Laws (LLM). At the USC Rossier School of Education, the Master of Arts in Teaching combines graduate study with preparation for recommendation for a California preliminary teaching credential; its doctoral offerings distinguish the research-oriented PhD in Education from EdD programs addressing professional leadership. The USC Sol Price School of Public Policy offers programs including the Master of Public Administration, Master of Public Policy, and Master of Urban Planning. These examples show that a “professional school” may offer undergraduate education, advanced professional preparation, and research training within the same organization. (viterbigradadmission.usc.edu)

A bachelor’s degree combines a major with broader university requirements; minors provide an additional, more concentrated field of study without constituting another degree. USC’s undergraduate listings include disciplinary and interdisciplinary majors and minors across its schools. The general education curriculum requires eight Core Literacy courses distributed among six categories: one each in arts, life sciences, physical sciences, and quantitative reasoning, and two each in humanistic inquiry and social analysis. Two Global Perspectives requirements supplement this framework; an approved course can satisfy both one Global Perspectives category and an eligible Core Literacy category. Entering first-year students also complete a General Education Seminar. Thus, specialized undergraduate programs retain a common breadth requirement, although approved courses within a major may meet some general education obligations. (usc.edu)

Graduate qualifications differ in purpose as well as level. Master’s degrees include specialized academic study and professional preparation, whereas the PhD emphasizes original research; professional doctorates such as the JD and EdD follow distinct disciplinary models. Interdisciplinary study can be embedded in a single jointly offered qualification rather than requiring two independent degrees. For example, Gould and Dornsife’s Department of Economics jointly offer the Master of International Trade Law and Economics, while Price and Viterbi jointly offer the Master of Science in Public Policy Data Science. Price also lists dual-degree combinations, including Urban Planning/Public Administration, and progressive pathways through which eligible undergraduates pursue bachelor’s and master’s study in a coordinated sequence. These arrangements differ from adding a minor: they involve graduate-level curricula or multiple degree requirements. (gould.usc.edu)

Undergraduate inquiry includes participation in faculty projects and individually supervised work through 490 Directed Research courses. The Undergraduate Research Associates Program supplies resources for faculty to incorporate undergraduates into scholarly activities, while the Undergraduate Symposium provides a venue for presenting original research and creative work. Discovery Scholar distinction recognizes achievement rather than awarding a separate degree: graduating seniors must attain an overall GPA of at least 3.5, graduate within five years of entering USC, and satisfy their school’s criteria. Applications include a final capstone project and a recommendation form, allowing recognition of both scholarly research and original artistic production. A separate university-wide competition selects ten Discovery Scholars annually for $10,000 prizes toward graduate study; earning the distinction does not depend on winning a prize. (admission.usc.edu)

Research Institutions and Scientific Contributions

USC reported $928.6 million in sponsored research for fiscal year 2024–2025, a dated funding measure covering work in areas including biotechnology, public health, biomedical engineering, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Sponsored projects are supported by administrative systems that distinguish proposal preparation, award management, expenditure monitoring, and regulatory compliance. The Office of Research and Innovation’s research-administration framework includes the Department of Contracts and Grants and Sponsored Projects Accounting; the latter oversees post-award financial administration. Cayuse Sponsored Projects supports proposal and award management, while separate systems handle expenditure certification, conflicts-of-interest disclosures, and animal-research and biosafety review. These functions support research conducted in academic departments, laboratories, and institutes rather than constituting a single research unit. (usc.edu)

The Information Sciences Institute (ISI) was established in 1972 under Keith Uncapher, formerly head of the computer-science division at RAND. Its formation received support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which supplied an initial $6 million award. USC’s engineering school provided its institutional home, while its off-campus location in Marina del Rey gave it a distinct organizational setting. ISI participated in the development and operation of the Internet, including networking software, protocol specifications, and infrastructure services. Its contributions formed part of a wider collaboration among government agencies, universities, and other research organizations; ARPANET itself had begun connecting computers in 1969, before ISI existed. (50th.isi.edu)

In 1983, ISI researcher Paul Mockapetris developed the Domain Name System (DNS), publishing its concepts and implementation specifications in RFC 882 and RFC 883 that November. DNS replaced dependence on a centrally maintained host-name directory with a hierarchical, distributed naming system. Authoritative name servers hold information for designated portions of the namespace, while resolver software follows referrals and retrieves records, including mappings between names and network addresses. Delegating responsibility allows organizations to maintain their own naming information without requiring every change to pass through one central file. Jon Postel, who joined ISI in 1977, performed a different but complementary role: he coordinated address and protocol-parameter assignments and maintained the Request for Comments publication series. Mockapetris’s system design, Postel’s coordination, and ISI’s implementation work were related contributions, not interchangeable claims of authorship. (rfc-editor.org)

Interdisciplinary institutes also organize research around problems that extend beyond individual schools. The Wrigley Institute for Environment and Sustainability, housed within Dornsife, supports three research themes: Earth and Environmental Systems, Applied Environmental Solutions, and Social Transformation. Its Faculty Innovation Awards are open to faculty across USC’s schools and disciplines, providing a mechanism for connecting subjects such as chemistry, marine biology, engineering, history, and economics. The Wrigley Marine Science Center on Catalina Island supplies laboratory and field-research facilities, while USC Sea Grant connects the institute to a federal-state-university partnership concerned with the heavily urbanized Southern California coast. (dornsife.usc.edu)

The Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute opened in 2003 with faculty from cell and neurobiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and physiology and biophysics. Within the Keck School of Medicine, it brings together basic researchers, clinicians, and trainees studying brain aging, genetic and environmental influences on neural circuits, and neurological and psychiatric disorders. Shared facilities—including biomarker services and a cell-engineering and regeneration core—allow investigators to combine genetic, biochemical, cellular, and physiological approaches. Its graduate researchers come from programs including neuroscience, biostatistics, epidemiology, and biomedical and biological sciences. Seminars, journal clubs, conferences, and shared research services provide practical connections across departmental and school boundaries. (keck.usc.edu)

Research dissemination and commercialization follow distinct institutional pathways. ISI’s RFC publications exemplify dissemination through publicly available technical specifications, while institute seminars and conferences circulate findings among research communities. For potentially patentable discoveries, USC’s 2025 Guide to Research required prompt disclosure through the USC Stevens Center for Innovation, using the Sophia system to track inventions, related patents, and agreements. The university evaluates disclosures to determine patentability and whether to seek protection; invention disclosure therefore does not itself establish that a patent has been granted or a product commercialized. Licensing negotiations provide a separate route for transferring intellectual property to outside users, distinct from publication of research results. (rfc-editor.org)

Cinematic Arts, Performing Arts, and Cultural Collections

The School of Cinematic Arts traces its origins to 1929, when USC established film education in collaboration with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Its founding teaching group included industry figures such as Douglas Fairbanks, D. W. Griffith, William C. DeMille, Ernst Lubitsch, Irving Thalberg, and Darryl Zanuck. This arrangement connected university instruction with practitioners of the emerging motion-picture industry, while establishing film as a subject of academic study rather than solely vocational training. The institution subsequently expanded its scope to television, animation, media scholarship, and interactive entertainment. (accreditation.usc.edu)

The school’s curriculum brings production and critical analysis into sustained contact. Its fields include film and television production, screenwriting, animation and digital arts, cinema and media studies, interactive media and games, producing, and Media Arts + Practice. Students take courses beyond their principal specialization: writers study directing and work with actors, directors examine media history, and cinema and media studies students undertake camera and editing work. These requirements make production experience part of scholarly interpretation and historical knowledge part of creative decision-making. Undergraduate and graduate programs consequently accommodate both the creation of screen-based work and research into its aesthetic, technological, and social contexts. (cinema.usc.edu)

Other arts schools retain distinct disciplinary responsibilities. Thornton School of Music organizes teaching through classical performance and composition, contemporary music, and research and scholarly studies; its subjects range from instrumental performance and opera to jazz, popular music, screen scoring, music technology, and musicology. Roski School of Art and Design encompasses studio art, design, and critical studies, with graduate programs including art, design, and curatorial practices. The School of Dramatic Arts trains performers alongside the personnel responsible for theatrical production: its programs include acting for stage and screen, musical theatre, theatrical design, sound design, and stage management. The Glorya Kaufman School of Dance admitted its first undergraduate class in 2015. Its Bachelor of Fine Arts combines ballet, contemporary styles, and hip-hop with repertory, interdisciplinary projects, and professional preparation, treating dance as both performance practice and intellectual inquiry. (music.usc.edu)

University-wide cultural programming extends beyond degree instruction. Launched in 2006, Visions and Voices presents performances, lectures, screenings, and discussions, many conceived by faculty and academic schools. Events are free to USC students, and most are also free to the public; audience dialogue with artists and scholars is an explicit component. Arts in Action instead supports collaborative projects involving students, faculty, and community partners. Its Warrior Bards project, for example, uses ancient Greek drama as a basis for veterans’ discussion and the creation of public performances. These initiatives operate as educational and community-facing programming, distinct from the commercial production activities for which entertainment professionals are trained. (visionsandvoices.usc.edu)

USC Libraries support arts scholarship through collections, reference services, instruction, and access to materials held elsewhere. For the 2024–2025 academic year, the libraries reported 39,760 reference consultations, 11,220 participants in library instruction sessions, and 10,219 interlibrary loan requests filled for USC users. The same annual report recorded 1.4 million visits to library locations and 21.8 million page views in the USC Digital Library. Its collection inventory listed 6.5 million volumes, 85,000 linear feet of archival holdings, and 600,000 streaming film, video, and sound-recording titles, distinguishing physical holdings from licensed audiovisual resources. (libraries.usc.edu)

Special Collections preserves archives, manuscripts, historical photographs, and rare books, including materials concerning Southern California, European exiles, and Lewis Carroll. ONE Archives provides a further major collection devoted to LGBTQ+ history; the libraries’ inventory lists approximately two million items there. Researchers consult rare and archival materials through advance requests and reading-room appointments, while exhibitions and primary-source instruction connect the holdings to teaching. Preservation also informs acquisition: the rare-book collection policy dated March 28, 2025, identifies historical significance, provenance, book design, and formats requiring specialized care among its selection criteria. These functions maintain cultural heritage as research evidence as well as material for public presentation. (libraries.usc.edu)

Health Sciences Education and Clinical Institutions

USC’s health-sciences education is distributed among schools, academic divisions, and professional degree programs rather than organized within a single medical faculty. The Keck School of Medicine of USC provides education in medicine, biomedical research, and related clinical professions; its offerings include the Doctor of Medicine (MD), physician assistant education, and graduate programs in public health, epidemiology, and biomedical sciences. The USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences offers the Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), undergraduate degrees, research-oriented graduate degrees, and postgraduate residencies and fellowships. The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC provides the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), whose curriculum combines biomedical sciences, patient management, and supervised clinical rotations. These professional doctorates are distinct from the research-oriented Doctor of Philosophy. (keck.usc.edu)

The USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology spans the biological and social study of aging through undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral programs, including gerontology and geroscience. Rehabilitation education is organized partly through divisions rather than separate schools. The USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy offers an entry-level Doctor of Occupational Therapy (OTD), for which clinical rotations are required. The USC Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, administratively housed within the Ostrow School, offers a three-year Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT), alongside master’s and doctoral study of the biological bases of movement. Its professional training, research degrees, and advanced clinical residencies represent different educational pathways, not interchangeable qualifications. (gero.usc.edu)

The Keck School of Medicine and Keck Medicine of USC have related but distinct functions: the school organizes academic education and research, while Keck Medicine is the university’s clinical enterprise and health system. Faculty physicians connect these functions by treating patients while also teaching and conducting research. Keck Medicine’s hospitals include Keck Hospital of USC and USC Norris Cancer Hospital on the Health Sciences Campus, together with the community hospitals USC Verdugo Hills Hospital and USC Arcadia Hospital. Teaching affiliations extend beyond this enterprise. Los Angeles General Medical Center is a Los Angeles County institution, not a USC-operated hospital; its replacement name for LAC+USC Medical Center was announced on May 3, 2023. Children’s Hospital Los Angeles also serves as an affiliated training institution. Keck’s residency and fellowship directory identifies more than 60 sponsored or co-sponsored programs, with training distributed among university hospitals and affiliated facilities. (keckmedicine.org)

USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center is broader than the inpatient USC Norris Cancer Hospital: it organizes cancer research, education, and clinical investigation across disciplines. It received National Cancer Institute comprehensive designation in 1973, among the first eight centers so designated. Its research programs encompass tumor immunology, epigenetic regulation, translational and clinical sciences, cancer epidemiology, and cancer control. The centralized Clinical Investigations Support Office connects research proposals with clinical study operations through protocol development, regulatory submissions, trial implementation, specimen coordination, and quality monitoring. Research centers on the Health Sciences Campus also provide shared laboratory infrastructure; for example, the Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute’s multiphoton microscopy core supports investigators from medicine, pharmacy, gerontology, and dentistry. (uscnorriscancer.usc.edu)

Professional training and research are linked through specific degree arrangements and supervised clinical placements. Keck’s MD–PhD program, offered collaboratively with the California Institute of Technology, combines medical education with research training for physician-scientists; its MD–MPH pathway adds population-level public-health study to medical preparation. At Ostrow, DDS rotations include hospital dentistry, oral surgery, pediatric dentistry, and community service learning. These arrangements connect classroom instruction, laboratory inquiry, and patient-facing education without making every clinical training site part of the university-owned hospital system. (keck.usc.edu)

Enrollment, Admissions, and Financial Aid

For the 2025–2026 academic year, USC reported approximately 21,000 undergraduate students and 25,000 graduate and professional students, for a total population of 46,000. These published enrollment figures are rounded to the nearest 500 rather than presented as exact headcounts. Graduate and professional students therefore constituted the larger enrollment group; the university-wide total should not be treated as the population pursuing a bachelor’s degree. (usc.edu)

For the fall 2026 first-year cohort, USC reported 79,331 applications, 10,006 admissions offers, and 3,766 matriculants. The acceptance rate measures admissions offers divided by applications: $10{,}006/79{,}331 \times 100 \approx 12.6\%$. Enrollment yield instead measures matriculants divided by admitted applicants: $3{,}766/10{,}006 \times 100 \approx 37.6\%$. Neither percentage describes admission to graduate programs or the proportion of the entire student body newly enrolled. Undergraduate selection uses holistic review, considering academic performance and course rigor in the context of the applicant’s school, essays, recommendations, activities, leadership, and other achievements. USC identifies its domestic undergraduate admission process as need-blind, meaning that financial need does not influence the admission decision. (admission.usc.edu)

The university’s fall 2025 all-student demographic table reported Asian students at 20.3%, Black/African American students at 6.0%, Hispanic students at 17.3%, White/Caucasian students at 21.1%, international students at 26.1%, and “Other” at 9.2%. These are USC’s published reporting categories: “International” is listed alongside racial and ethnic categories, rather than constituting an additional percentage to add to them. Its separate fall 2025 international-enrollment table counted 11,959 students, including 5,760 from China, 2,136 from India, 548 from Taiwan, and 542 from South Korea. For the fall 2026 entering class, USC reported approximately 21% as first-generation students, described as the first in their families to attend college. That cohort-specific measure is distinct from the fall 2025 university-wide demographic data. (usc.edu)

Tuition is only one component of the cost of attendance used to assess financial-aid eligibility. For 2026–2027, USC estimated undergraduate tuition at $75,384 for two semesters of full-time enrollment, defined as 12–18 units per semester. Its estimated total budget was $103,162 for students living on campus, $102,792 for those living off campus, and $94,630 for those living with parents or relatives. These budgets also included fees, housing, food, books and supplies, transportation, and personal expenses; a $450 new-student fee was additional in the first semester. The corresponding 2025–2026 tuition figure was $73,260. Cost-of-attendance budgets combine educational charges with estimated living expenses and therefore are not identical to a university bill or to an individual student’s actual expenditure. (financialaid.usc.edu)

USC’s financial aid combines university, federal, state, and private funding. Grants and scholarships are gift aid that does not require repayment; loans create repayment obligations, while Federal Work-Study provides earnings through employment rather than an upfront tuition reduction. Work-study funds are earned during the semester and cannot pay a bill due before that work occurs. (financialaid.usc.edu) USC’s published 2024–2025 aid summary listed $537.7 million from university sources and $904 million disbursed from all sources; its undergraduate admission aid page stated that 78% of the $904 million consisted of grants and scholarships. The subsequently updated Facts and Stats page reported $912.5 million as total 2024–2025 disbursements. These published totals are not identical, but the distinction in scope remains essential: university-source aid is institutionally funded support, whereas all-source aid includes external funding and repayable assistance as well as institutional awards. (usc.edu)

Student Life and University Traditions

Organized student activity operates through student-led representative bodies and university-administered recognition procedures. Undergraduate Student Government (USG) represents undergraduates and maintains executive, legislative, and judicial branches, together with funding, programming, and advocacy functions. Graduate Student Government (GSG), run by students elected by the graduate student body, undertakes advocacy, organizes events, funds programs, and provides information for graduate students. These representative functions are distinct from the administration’s authority to recognize organizations. Under the 2025–2026 Student Handbook, Campus Activities reviews applications for recognized student organization status, while social fraternities and sororities undergo a separate review through Fraternity and Sorority Leadership Development. Religious organizations have additional requirements, and sports clubs must first obtain university recognition before seeking membership in the Recreational Sports Council. (usg.usc.edu)

Residential education combines accommodation with organized social and academic activities. The Office for Residential Education provides programs, residential staff, faculty-in-residence participation, and leadership opportunities within residential colleges and communities. Its annual Residential College Cup brings together seven first-year residential colleges in an intercommunity competition. The Residential Housing Association, founded at USC in 1988, represents students living in USC Housing and works with local Community Councils on resident-led initiatives and communication between communities. Student participation outside university housing is supported through campus-wide organizations, events, recreation, and services rather than through residence-based structures alone. Graduate resources also encompass university-managed apartments, transportation information for students living away from campus, and childcare partnerships at University Park and the Health Sciences Campus. (resed.usc.edu)

Student support includes health care, counseling, accessibility services, and assistance with basic needs. USC Student Health operates at the Engemann Student Health Center on University Park Campus and the Eric Cohen Student Health Center on the Health Sciences Campus; its medical providers form part of the Keck Medicine clinical practice. Services include primary care, testing, vaccinations, and sexual and reproductive health care. Counseling and Mental Health Services provides clinician-led groups and workshops, with both online and in-person sessions. The Student Life organization also identifies Campus Support and Intervention, the Office of Student Accessibility Services, and Student Basic Needs among its support resources, separating these provisions from academic instruction and residential programming. (usc.edu)

Recreational Sports administers fitness facilities, intramural competition, and student-run sports clubs, distinct from varsity athletics. Degree-seeking students registered for at least one unit receive semester access to the Lyon Center, USC Village Fitness Center, Health Sciences Campus Fitness Center, and Uytengsu Aquatic Center. Additional services—including intramural and club-sports passes, personal training, and some exercise programs—have separate purchasing arrangements. Intramural leagues and tournaments organize competition within the university community, while sports clubs provide student-organized opportunities that can include competition against other institutions. (recsports.usc.edu)

USC adopted cardinal and gold as its official colors in 1895. The university’s historical timeline dates the founding of the Trojan Marching Band, also known as the Spirit of Troy, to 1880. Arthur C. Bartner became its director in 1970 and retired in 2020 after 51 years with the program. Beyond performances associated with athletic events, the band developed a public musical role through recordings and appearances: it participated in Fleetwood Mac’s Tusk in 1979 and The Dance in 1997, and performed with Coheed and Cambria at Coachella in 2010. These activities place the band within university ceremony and popular performance as well as game-day traditions. (usc.edu)

Commencement distinguishes university-wide degree conferral from individual recognition at academic-school ceremonies. In 2026, the main ceremony took place on May 14 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum; school ceremonies called graduates’ names individually, and participating schools held doctoral hooding ceremonies. Graduation also provides the occasion for confirming Discovery, Global, and Renaissance Scholar distinctions. Discovery Scholars recognizes research or creative contributions, Global Scholars recognizes the integration of international experiences into academic study, and Renaissance Scholars recognizes achievement in widely divergent fields. Recipients receive graduation medallions and transcript notation; students may earn more than one distinction by satisfying each set of criteria independently. (commencement.usc.edu)

Intercollegiate Athletics and Olympic Participation

The USC Trojans represent the university in varsity intercollegiate competition within Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Varsity athletics is institutionally distinct from USC Recreational Sports: intramural leagues and tournaments provide competition for students, faculty, and staff, while club sports are student-run organizations that may compete against other universities. Club funding includes student-government allocations, donations, and membership dues; participation in intercollegiate events therefore does not, by itself, make a club a varsity team. (web3.ncaa.org)

USC formed its first football squad in 1888 and won its first game 16–0. Its teams were initially known as the Cardinals or Methodists before adopting the Trojans name in 1912. Athletic development subsequently extended well beyond football. In 1926, coach Dean Cromwell led the men’s track-and-field team to its first national championship at Soldier Field in Chicago: USC scored 27.5 points, ahead of Michigan’s 25, with captain Bud Houser winning the discus and placing second in the shot put. Women’s basketball supplied another major milestone through consecutive NCAA championships in 1983 and 1984 under Linda Sharp. Those teams included Cheryl Miller, Cynthia Cooper, and twins Pam and Paula McGee; the second championship came through a 72–61 victory over Tennessee. (usc.edu)

On June 30, 2022, USC announced that it and crosstown rival UCLA had been accepted as full members of the Big Ten Conference, effective August 2, 2024. Both remained in the Pac-12 until that transition, which coincided with the end of the Pac-12’s existing media-rights agreements. Oregon and Washington also joined the Big Ten on August 2, bringing conference membership to 18 institutions. The move changed USC’s conference framework without separating it from UCLA: their longstanding crosstown contests continued within the new conference. The rivalry also operates across multiple sports through the Crosstown Cup, which USC won for the fourteenth time in the 2024–2025 athletic year. (usctrojans.com)

The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, across from the University Park Campus, has been USC football’s home since the stadium opened in 1923. USC defeated Pomona College 23–7 on October 6, 1923, in the venue’s first varsity football game. Its role as a university home field is only one part of its history: the Coliseum hosted Olympic ceremonies and athletics competition in 1932 and 1984, as well as professional football and baseball. USC’s own involvement in hosting the 1984 Games extended onto campus, where swimming and diving competitions took place and the largest of Los Angeles’s three Olympic Villages accommodated athletes. (usctrojans.com)

USC’s participation in the Olympic Games began with student Emil Breitkreutz, who won bronze in the men’s 800 metres at St. Louis in 1904. Olympic representation crosses national boundaries rather than constituting a single university team. In its August 13, 2024, report on the Paris Games, USC Athletics counted 67 past, present, and future Trojans representing 27 nations in nine sports, including 33 first-time Olympians. That affiliation-based count was broader than the university’s enrolled varsity population. The same report credited USC-affiliated competitors with 15 medals—seven gold, two silver, and six bronze—counting medals awarded to individual athletes, including team-event medals. Thus, Hannes Daube and Marko Vavic each contributed a bronze from the United States men’s water-polo team, while Anni Espar earned gold with Spain’s women’s team. These institutional totals are not equivalent to a national medal table, which counts a team’s result once. (usctrojans.com)

Community Relationships and Alumni

USC’s educational partnerships connect the neighborhoods surrounding University Park in South Los Angeles and the Health Sciences Campus on the city’s Eastside with university teaching and service programs. The Family of Schools provides an organizational framework for cooperation with local schools rather than a university-operated school district. As reported on USC’s institutional statistics page on October 13, 2026, it comprised 15 schools; the accompanying directory identified ten near University Park and five near Health Sciences, including Foshay Learning Center and Francisco Bravo Medical Magnet High School. One service within this framework is ReadersPLUS, established through the America Reads initiative in 1997 and administered by Dornsife’s Joint Educational Project. It employs trained USC student tutors, including work-study participants, to provide individualized literacy and mathematics support for children in kindergarten through fifth grade. (usc.edu)

The Leslie and William McMorrow Neighborhood Academic Initiative (NAI), administered by University Relations’ Educational Partnerships unit, provides a more sustained pathway into higher education. Its seven-year sequence extends from sixth through twelfth grade and combines Saturday academic enrichment with early-morning weekday classes at USC for high-school participants. The Family Development Institute involves parents and guardians in seminars on learning environments, adolescent development, college applications, and financial aid. USC’s 2021 accreditation report described full-tuition scholarships for participants who gained admission to and enrolled at USC; completion of the preparatory program did not itself constitute admission. The institutional statistics page consulted on October 13, 2026, listed 31 NAI partners across the two campus communities, a different measure from the Family of Schools’ 15 member schools. Support also extends beyond instruction: the Educational Partnerships Mental Health Clinic offers free counseling to participating children, adults, and families. (communities.usc.edu)

USC’s employment and expenditure figures document its institutional presence in Los Angeles, but do not independently measure its total regional economic impact. Its audited financial report for the year ended June 30, 2025, recorded approximately $4.514 billion in salaries and benefits and $2.805 billion in the separate operating-expenses category. These are consolidated institutional expenditures, not estimates of spending retained within particular neighborhoods or of additional jobs generated through suppliers and household consumption. Separately, USC reported 4,578 full-time faculty, 19,364 staff, and 9,632 student workers for the 2025–2026 academic year; the student-worker category excluded teaching and research assistants. Such employment counts should not be conflated with multiplier-based estimates of indirect or induced employment. (bpb-us-w1.wpmucdn.com)

The first USC alumni association was established in 1885 by George F. Bovard, a member of the university’s first graduating class of 1884 and subsequently its fourth president. Alumni participation developed into regional, school-based, affinity, and professional networks, alongside scholarship fundraising and institutional events. The association’s online Trojan Network connects alumni and students for professional mentoring, while regional scholarship programs involve volunteers in reviewing applications as well as contributing funds. Annual activities include homecoming-related gatherings, alumni recognition, and the USC Alumni Day of SCervice, through which participants organize community-service projects in their own localities. These arrangements connect alumni participation to both university support and service outside the campus neighborhoods. (usc.edu)

Individual alumni illustrate different forms of academic affiliation. Neil Armstrong earned a Master of Science in aerospace engineering in 1970, after commanding the Apollo 11 lunar landing in 1969; his USC Doctor of Humane Letters, awarded when he delivered the commencement address in May 2005, was an honorary degree distinct from that earned qualification. In film, George Lucas graduated from USC in 1966. His subsequent institutional support included the Lucasfilm Foundation’s $175 million gift announced in 2006 for the cinema school. Earned degrees, attendance without graduation, and honorary recognition are therefore separate categories when describing university connections. (magazine.viterbi.usc.edu)

Institutional Accountability and Documented Reforms

Federal charging documents unsealed in Boston on March 12, 2019, implicated USC employees in William “Rick” Singer’s college-admissions bribery scheme. The USC-related conduct centered on presenting applicants as recruited athletes through fabricated or misleading athletic credentials. Former senior associate athletic director Donna Heinel, who acted as a liaison between coaches and admissions officials, admitted facilitating this process. According to the sentencing record summarized by the Department of Justice, USC’s athletic admissions subcommittee approved approximately two dozen applicants she presented as recruits; Singer and his clients paid more than $1 million into university accounts she oversaw, while she received an additional $160,000 personally. Heinel pleaded guilty to honest-services wire fraud on November 5, 2021, and on January 6, 2023, received six months’ imprisonment, two years’ supervised release, and forfeiture of $160,000. Former USC soccer coaches Laura Janke and Ali Khosroshahin separately pleaded guilty to racketeering conspiracy in 2019. These admissions of guilt were distinct from the allegations contained in the original charges. (justice.gov)

Subsequent appellate outcomes also changed the status of individual cases. Parents Gamal Abdelaziz and John Wilson were convicted by a jury on October 8, 2021, but the First Circuit vacated Abdelaziz’s convictions and all of Wilson’s convictions except his false-tax-return conviction on May 10, 2023. The court identified errors in the fraud instructions and found that the prosecution had not established the overarching conspiracy charged, allowing prejudicial evidence about other parents’ conduct into their joint trial. Prosecutors moved to dismiss all charges against Abdelaziz on June 29, 2023. Wilson was resentenced on September 29, 2023, for the remaining tax offense to one year’s probation, including six months’ home detention. The initial verdicts therefore cannot be treated as the final outcomes of those prosecutions. (media.ca1.uscourts.gov)

On February 27, 2020, the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) announced findings concerning USC’s compliance with Title IX in its response to former student-health gynecologist George Tyndall. OCR found that USC failed to respond appropriately to notice of possible misconduct and lacked a recordkeeping system capable of identifying and monitoring possible employee sex discrimination. Specifically, USC received reports from five patients between 2000 and 2009 without investigating them, assessing interim measures, or preventing recurrence. These were administrative civil-rights findings, not criminal verdicts. The resolution agreement required independent authority for the Title IX coordinator and office, centralized tracking of reports, outreach and remedies for affected patients, specialized health-center training, review of employees’ responses to earlier concerns, and three years of federal monitoring. (ed.gov)

USC’s January 2021 accreditation self-study documented a governance review begun through a special board committee in 2018. Following fourteen months of consultation, the trustees adopted reforms on November 5, 2019: a planned reduction from 56 trustees to 35, term and age limits, reduction of standing committees from eleven to nine, publication of committee memberships, and restructuring of the Executive Committee around board leadership, the president, and committee chairs. The self-study reported 44 trustees in January 2021, distinguishing implementation at that date from the eventual target. It also documented consolidation of equity and Title IX functions and placement of the Office of Professionalism and Ethics within a centralized senior administrative structure. (accreditation.usc.edu)

Published policies subsequently established differentiated reporting routes rather than a single investigative jurisdiction. USC Report & Response, launched in July 2023, reviews and routes reports to the appropriate office; protected-characteristic discrimination, harassment, and retaliation matters go to the Office of Civil Rights Compliance, formerly EEO-TIX. Suspected asset misappropriation and accounting or auditing matters can also be reported directly to Audit Services. These arrangements specify responsibilities and complaint-handling mechanisms, but their existence alone does not demonstrate effectiveness. In its July 12, 2021, accreditation action letter, the WASC Senior College and University Commission specifically required USC to develop a transparent system, beyond auditing, to track, measure, and sustain the effectiveness of culture-change initiatives, including offices responsible for investigating complaints and preventing misconduct. (change.usc.edu)

References

1. Our History - USCusc.edu
2. The University - USCusc.edu
3. Historical Timeline - USCusc.edu
4. World War II Shaped USC History — and the Face of the Universitytoday.usc.edu
5. A Brief History · Catalogue 2014/15cataloguepubs.usc.edu
6. Norman H. Topping - USCusc.edu
7. Visit USCusc.edu
8. UPC Map - USC Transportationtransnet.usc.edu
9. USC Supplemental Historic Resources Reportplanning.lacity.gov
10. Widney Alumni House, a Reminder of USC’s Storied Pasttoday.usc.edu
11. University Park Campus Specific Plan Appendix A: Design Guidelinesfpm.usc.edu
12. USC Libraries – Departments Directorydepartmentsdirectory.usc.edu
13. USC Village opens to the Trojan Family with fanfare, streamers and a new campus icontoday.usc.edu
14. About – USC Villagevillage.usc.edu
15. Revamp Beautifies USC Health Sciences Campustoday.usc.edu
16. FAQs - Shuttlestransnet.usc.edu
17. Leadership - USCusc.edu
18. University of Southern California Faculty Handbook 2024oec.usc.edu
19. Bylaws of the University of Southern Californiasites.usc.edu
20. University Signature - Policies and Policy Governancepolicy.usc.edu
21. About – Academic Senateacademicsenate.usc.edu
22. USC - Graduate Student Government Websitegsg.usc.edu
23. USC Staff Assemblystaffassembly.usc.edu
24. USC 2025 Financial Reportbpb-us-w1.wpmucdn.com
25. Facts and Stats - USCusc.edu
26. Schools & Academic Units - USCusc.edu
27. Dana and David Dornsife - USC Dornsifedornsife.usc.edu
28. USC Graduate Schoolgraduateschool.usc.edu
29. Offices and Units - Office of Academic Programsacademicprograms.usc.edu
30. Students and Postdocs - Research Initiatives and Infrastructureresearch.usc.edu
31. USC Viterbi Prospective Studentsviterbigradadmission.usc.edu
32. USC Viterbi Undergraduate Engineering and Computer Science Majorsviterbiadmission.usc.edu
33. Undergraduate Programs - USC Marshallmarshall.usc.edu
34. Programs - USC Marshallmarshall.usc.edu
35. Degrees from the University of Southern California Law Schoolgould.usc.edu
36. Master’s Degree Programs - USC Rossier School of Educationrossier.usc.edu
37. USC Rossier School of Educationrossier.usc.edu
38. Research Administration - Office of Research and Innovationresearch.usc.edu
39. History - ISI 50th Anniversary50th.isi.edu
40. ISI: Internet Innovator for the Past 50 Yearsisi.edu
41. RFC 882: Domain Names—Concepts and Facilitiesrfc-editor.org
42. RFC 883: Domain Names—Implementation and Specificationrfc-editor.org
43. Environmental Education at USC Dornsife - Wrigley Institute for Environment and Sustainabilitydornsife.usc.edu
44. Research - Wrigley Institute for Environment and Sustainabilitydornsife.usc.edu
45. History - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institutekeck.usc.edu
46. Cores and Centers - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institutekeck.usc.edu
47. About - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institutekeck.usc.edu
48. Graduate Programs - Zilkha Neurogenetic Institutekeck.usc.edu
49. USC Cinematic Arts — Historycinema.usc.edu
50. USC Cinematic Arts — School Overviewcinema.usc.edu
51. USC Thornton School of Musicmusic.usc.edu
52. The USC Roski School of Art & Designroski.usc.edu
53. Programs — USC School of Dramatic Artsdramaticarts.usc.edu
54. Spring 2025 BFA Showcasekaufman.usc.edu
55. The Bachelor of Fine Arts in Dancekaufman.usc.edu
56. USC Kaufman School of Dance — Bachelor of Fine Arts in Dancekaufman.usc.edu
57. Overview — USC Visions & Voicesvisionsandvoices.usc.edu
58. Creative Expression — USCusc.edu
59. Warrior Bards — USC Arts in Actionartsinaction.usc.edu
60. Graduate Degrees at the Keck Schoolkeck.usc.edu
61. Programs – USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciencesmann.usc.edu
62. Doctor of Dental Surgery – Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USCdentistry.usc.edu
63. Academics – USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontologygero.usc.edu
64. Entry-Level Doctorate (OTD) of Occupational Therapy: Admissionschan.usc.edu
65. About Us – USC Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapypt.usc.edu
66. About – Keck Medicine of USCkeckmedicine.org
67. Introducing Los Angeles General Medical Center: LAC+USC Medical Center Unveils New Name and Brandlacounty.gov
68. Graduate Medical Education Committee Policy Manualfile.lacounty.gov
69. Residencies and Clinical Fellowships Directorykeck.usc.edu
70. Research – USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centeruscnorriscancer.usc.edu
71. Clinical Investigations Support Office (CISO)uscnorriscancer.usc.edu
72. Graduate Student Resources - Graduate Admissiongradadm.usc.edu
73. Living Our Unifying Valuesoec.usc.edu
74. Office for Residential Education - Residential Education at USCresed.usc.edu
75. USC Student Life - Student Lifestudentlife.usc.edu
76. Health and Well-being - USCusc.edu
77. Student Life – Departments Directorydepartmentsdirectory.usc.edu
78. Membership Information & Fees - Recreational Sportsrecsports.usc.edu
79. Celebrate 110 Years of USC Trojan Marching Band Historytoday.usc.edu
80. Our History – The Spirit of Troyuscband.usc.edu
81. NCAA Directory — University of Southern Californiaweb3.ncaa.org
82. Club Sportsrecsports.usc.edu
83. Marion M. Bovardusc.edu
84. USC Men's Track & Field National Championsusctrojans.com
85. USC Women's Basketball National Championsusctrojans.com
86. USC To Honor 1983 and 1984 Women's Basketball NCAA Championsusctrojans.com
87. USC to Make Historic Move to Big Ten Conference in 2024usctrojans.com
88. The State of Troy: House Settlement, Trojan MAP, and an Unforgettable Year in Troyusctrojans.com
89. Coliseum Overviewusctrojans.com
90. Family of Schools Information – USC University Relationscommunities.usc.edu
91. The Alane Adams Endowed ReadersPLUS Program - USC Joint Educational Projectdornsife.usc.edu
92. Leslie and William McMorrow Neighborhood Academic Initiative – USC University Relationscommunities.usc.edu
93. USC EP Mental Health Clinic – USC University Relationscommunities.usc.edu
94. Mission & History - USC Alumni Associationalumni.usc.edu
95. Alumni Near You - USC Alumni Associationalumni.usc.edu
96. Annual Traditions - USC Alumni Associationalumni.usc.edu
97. #3_Neil Armstrong - USC Viterbi Magazinemagazine.viterbi.usc.edu
98. Investigations of College Admissions and Testing Bribery Schemejustice.gov
99. Former Senior Athletic Department Administrator at the University of Southern California Sentenced to Six Months in Prison in College Admissions Casejustice.gov
100. United States v. Abdelaziz, First Circuit opinion, May 10, 2023media.ca1.uscourts.gov
101. USC Institutional Report for the WSCUC Thematic Pathway for Reaffirmationaccreditation.usc.edu
102. USC Board of Trustees Approves Series of Governance Reformstoday.usc.edu
103. Support & Reporting Optionsocrc.usc.edu
104. WSCUC Accreditation Action Letter, July 12, 2021accreditation.usc.edu