Engineering & Manufacturing

Air conditioning removes heat and moisture from indoor air to control temperature, humidity and air quality for comfort, health and industrial needs.

Automation is the use of technology to execute, monitor, or control tasks and processes with reduced direct human intervention.

A capacitor is a passive electrical component that stores energy through the separation of electric charge, usually across an insulating dielectric.

Charles K. Kao was an electrical engineer whose research established the feasibility of low-loss optical fibers for long-distance telecommunications.

Chemical engineering applies scientific and engineering principles to design, scale up, operate, and improve processes that transform materials into useful products.

Control theory studies how inputs and feedback can shape the behavior of dynamic systems while meeting stability, performance, and constraint requirements.

Cryogenics is the science and engineering of producing, maintaining, and using very low temperatures.

Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of communication, feedback, and regulation in living organisms, machines, and social systems.

An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, usually through electromagnetic interactions, and powers equipment ranging from household appliances to industrial machinery and vehicles.

Electrical engineering is the discipline concerned with designing and analyzing electrical and electronic devices, energy systems, communications, and control systems.

A transformer transfers electrical energy through electromagnetic induction, typically changing alternating-current voltage and current levels between circuits.

An electron microscope uses accelerated electrons to image and analyze structures at scales ranging from cellular components to individual atoms.

The Haber process synthesizes ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen through high-pressure catalysis, providing the foundation of industrial nitrogen fertilizer production.

A robot with a humanlike body configuration, developed for physical tasks, human interaction, and research into movement and cognition.

Infrastructure comprises the physical networks, facilities, and supporting systems that enable essential services and economic and social activity.

An internal combustion engine converts fuel energy into mechanical work by burning fuel within its working fluid and using the resulting hot gases to produce motion.

Invention is the creation of a new technical solution, including a device, material, process, or improvement to an existing technology.

James Watt was a Scottish engineer whose improvements to the steam engine helped extend steam power from mine pumping to industrial manufacturing.

A Josephson junction is a superconducting weak link that supports phase-dependent supercurrent and enables precision voltage standards, sensitive magnetometers, and superconducting quantum circuits.

A laser generates light through stimulated emission, producing beams whose direction, spectrum, and timing can be controlled for scientific, industrial, and technological applications.

Optical fiber is a thin glass or plastic waveguide that transmits light for telecommunications, sensing, illumination, and other optical applications.

Printing is the mass reproduction of text and images by transferring ink from a prepared surface onto paper or other materials. It began with East Asian woodblocks.

Radar uses radio waves to detect objects and measure their distance, direction, motion, or physical characteristics.

Remote sensing acquires information about objects and environments from a distance, using measured signals to map their properties and changes.

A robot is a programmable machine that senses its environment, processes what it senses, and acts on that environment, from industrial arms to humanoids.

Robotics is the interdisciplinary study and engineering of machines that sense, act, and perform tasks in the physical world.

A sensor detects a physical, chemical, or biological quantity and produces an output that can be interpreted by a person or measuring system.

Signal processing is the analysis and transformation of signals to extract information, improve representations, or support communication and decision-making.

A steam engine is a heat engine that uses steam to do mechanical work. It powered mines, factories, railways and ships during industrialization.

A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) detects minute changes in magnetic flux through quantum interference in a superconducting circuit.

Telecommunications is the transmission and reception of information over distance through electrical, radio, optical, and related electromagnetic systems.

The Three Gorges Dam is a multipurpose Yangtze River project built for flood control, hydroelectric generation, and navigation.

The Unitree G1 is a compact, electrically actuated humanoid robot introduced in 2024, with standard and developer-oriented configurations for motion demonstrations and robotics research.

Hangzhou-based Chinese maker of quadruped and humanoid robots; listed on Shanghai's STAR Market in 2026.

Wang Xingxing is a Chinese robotics engineer and entrepreneur who founded Unitree Robotics, a developer of quadruped and humanoid robots.

A wheel is a circular part that turns on an axle. It reduces friction in transport and passes on force in machines, and it dates to about the 4th millennium BCE.