Software & Programming

English mathematician whose 1843 notes on Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine became foundational texts in the history of computing.

aiwiki.page is a domain-style identifier whose associated project could not be established from the public sources examined.

Anna’s Archive is a shadow-library search and preservation project that aggregates bibliographic records and access to digital collections.

A set of definitions and protocols that lets software components communicate and use each other's functions without exposing their internal implementation.

arXiv is a free, open-access online repository of scholarly preprints, founded in 1991, mainly for physics, mathematics and computer science.

Big data describes datasets whose scale, speed, or complexity requires scalable methods for storage, processing, and analysis.

C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language created at Bell Labs in the early 1970s. Valued for efficiency, portability, and close hardware control, it remains widely used.

CSS is a style sheet language that controls how markup-based documents, mainly web pages, are presented, separating appearance from structure.

Cloud computing delivers shared computing resources over networks, enabling on-demand access, flexible capacity, and measured use.

A computational graph represents operations and their dependencies, enabling structured execution, automatic differentiation, and optimization of numerical programs.

Concurrent computing organizes overlapping computational activities and coordinates their interactions, whether they execute on one processor or several.

CUDA is a parallel computing platform and programming model developed by NVIDIA that enables general-purpose computing on its GPUs, and it dominates deep learning and scientific computing; CUDA 1.0 was released in 2007.

Data visualization represents data graphically to support exploration, analysis, explanation, and communication.

An organized collection of data maintained for efficient access, modification, and controlled use, usually through a database management system.

Distributed computing coordinates networked computers to perform computation, manage shared data, and provide services despite communication delays and component failures.

Dongchedi, also known as DCar, is a Chinese automotive information, community, and vehicle-trading platform launched in 2017.

DuckDB is an open-source, in-process, column-oriented analytical database management system written in C++ and released under the MIT License.

A social networking service launched in 2004, connecting personal networks, communities, businesses, and media worldwide.

Formal verification uses mathematically precise models and logical reasoning to establish that hardware or software satisfies specified properties under explicit assumptions.

Frances Haugen is an American former Facebook product manager who disclosed internal company documents in 2021 and became an advocate for social-media transparency.

American technology company within Alphabet, known for internet search, digital advertising, software platforms, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence.

HarmonyOS is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei for phones, tablets, PCs, wearables, vehicles and other smart devices.

HarmonyOS 7 is Huawei’s 2026 operating-system release, emphasizing AI agents, spatial interfaces, performance optimization, security, and cross-device services.

Free, open-source smart-home software focused on local control and privacy, maintained by the Open Home Foundation.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for structuring documents shown in web browsers. Created at CERN in 1991, it is now maintained as a living standard.

IBM is an American multinational technology company whose activities span enterprise software, computing infrastructure, consulting, artificial intelligence, and quantum computing.

Image processing comprises methods for transforming, enhancing, restoring, compressing, and analyzing images, primarily through computational operations on digital data.

Information retrieval is the study and practice of finding relevant material in collections in response to an information need.

Instagram is Meta’s photo- and video-sharing social networking service.

iOS 27 is Apple's twentieth major release of iOS, made public on September 14, 2026, with a rebuilt Siri AI and expanded Apple Intelligence features.

A high-level, dynamically typed programming language, standardized as ECMAScript, that runs natively in web browsers and, through runtimes such as Node.js, on servers and other platforms.

jsDelivr is a free, multi-provider content delivery network for distributing open-source software files, particularly JavaScript packages and web assets.

JSON-LD is a JSON-based format for representing linked data through globally identifiable entities, explicit relationships, and shared vocabularies.

A knowledge base is an organized repository of information designed for human consultation, automated reasoning, or retrieval by software systems.

Lean is an open-source proof assistant and programming language that represents mathematical statements and checks formal proofs using dependent type theory.

Linux is a free, open-source, Unix-like operating system built around the Linux kernel, now used across servers, phones, embedded devices and supercomputers.

Liquid Glass is Apple’s interface design language and dynamic visual material, combining translucent surfaces, optical effects, and fluid interaction across its software platforms.

macOS 27, marketed as Golden Gate, is Apple’s 2026 Mac operating system release, requiring Apple silicon and introducing Siri AI.

American computer scientist who led Apollo flight-software development at MIT and advanced methods for reliable software engineering.

Microdata is an HTML mechanism for embedding machine-readable descriptions of entities and their properties within web pages.

Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems, from the MS-DOS-based graphical shell of 1985 to the NT-based Windows 11, used on PCs, servers and embedded devices.

Open-source software is software distributed with source code and licensing rights that permit use, modification, and redistribution.

An operating system manages computer hardware and resources while providing services, abstractions, and execution environments for applications.

A programming language is a formal system for expressing computations through rules that define program structure and behavior.

A proof assistant is software for constructing and checking formal proofs through human guidance, automated reasoning, and precisely specified logical rules.

Python 3.15 is a feature release introducing explicit lazy imports, immutable dictionaries, sentinel values, default UTF-8 mode, and improved profiling and free-threaded extension support.

RDFa is a standard for embedding machine-readable RDF data in web documents through markup attributes.

Redis is an in-memory data structure database supporting caching, persistent storage, messaging, and search.

A search engine is software that finds, indexes, and ranks information, mainly web pages, in response to user queries.

Shared memory is storage accessible to multiple execution agents, enabling communication through common data rather than exclusively through explicit messages.

Snapchat is a multimedia messaging and social media service known for disappearing messages, Stories, and augmented-reality camera effects.

Internet services that let users create content and build social connections, and their technical, economic, political and social effects.

Software documentation describes a software system’s requirements, design, interfaces, operation, and use for users, developers, and maintainers.

SQL (Structured Query Language) is the declarative language used to define, query, and manage data in relational database management systems, standardized as ISO/IEC 9075.

Synchronization coordinates concurrent computations by controlling access to shared resources, ordering operations, and establishing when changes become visible.

Unicode is a standard for representing and processing text from the world’s writing systems using a shared character repertoire and encoding framework.

Vibe coding is an AI-assisted approach to building software through natural-language requests and iterative feedback, often with little inspection of the generated code.

A software-defined execution environment that implements a computer system or an abstract machine for running programs.

A computer-generated environment that users perceive and interact with through immersive displays, tracking, and input devices.

Software that retrieves, renders and lets users interact with web pages. This entry covers its history, architecture, web standards, security, privacy, and market structure.