{
  "id": "2026-brazilian-general-election",
  "title": "2026 Brazilian general election",
  "lang": "en",
  "source_lang": "en",
  "summary": "Brazil’s 2026 elections for the presidency, Congress, state governorships, and state and Federal District legislatures.",
  "category": "society",
  "subcategory": "politics",
  "type": "event",
  "aliases": [
    "2026 Brazilian general elections",
    "Brazilian general election of 2026",
    "2026 Brazil general election"
  ],
  "generated_at": "2026-10-15",
  "model": "pro/gpt-6.1-sol",
  "url": "https://aiwiki.page/en/2026-brazilian-general-election/",
  "translations": {
    "zh-Hans": {
      "url": "https://aiwiki.page/zh/2026-brazilian-general-election/",
      "json": "https://aiwiki.page/zh/2026-brazilian-general-election.json"
    }
  },
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "",
      "text": "The 2026 Brazilian general election is a nationwide electoral cycle whose first round took place on 4 October 2026, with presidential and gubernatorial runoffs scheduled for 25 October. It encompasses elections for the president and vice-president of Brazil, all 513 members of the Chamber of Deputies, 54 of the Senate’s 81 members, the governors and vice-governors of the 26 states and Federal District, and state and Federal District legislators. The simultaneous contests determine the composition of the federal executive and much of the country’s national and subnational political representation. (tse.jus.br)\n\nAs of 15 October 2026, the presidential contest had advanced to a runoff between incumbent Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Senator Flávio Bolsonaro, after neither secured a majority of valid votes in the first round. The presidential election forms only one part of the broader general election: congressional and state-level results also shape legislative representation and relations between Brazil’s federal and state governments. (apnews.com)\n\nThe elections combine majority-based contests for executive offices and Senate seats with proportional representation for the Chamber of Deputies and state and Federal District legislatures. Their administration involves the electoral judiciary, electronic voting, candidate-registration and campaign-finance requirements, and updated rules governing digital campaigning and artificial intelligence. A complete account therefore distinguishes the electoral framework, candidates and campaigns, presidential results, and congressional and state-level contests, while separating completed stages from the still-pending runoff. (tse.jus.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Political background and the road to 2026",
      "text": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of the Workers’ Party (PT) won the presidential runoff on 30 October 2022 with 60,345,999 votes, or 50.90% of valid votes, against incumbent Jair Bolsonaro of the Liberal Party (PL), who received 58,206,354 votes, or 49.10%. Lula’s running mate was former São Paulo governor Geraldo Alckmin, then of the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB). The result returned Lula to the presidency after his two terms between 2003 and 2010, but did not give his party control of the legislature. In the initially announced Chamber of Deputies results, PL won 99 of 513 seats, while the Brasil da Esperança federation—PT, the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB), and the Green Party (PV)—won 80. União Brasil secured 59 seats, Progressistas (PP) 47, the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) and Social Democratic Party (PSD) 42 each, and Republicanos 41. These were election-result figures, rather than a fixed division between government and opposition. (scm.oas.org)\n\nThe administration’s ministerial and parliamentary arrangements extended beyond Lula’s electoral alliance. Alongside PT and its federation partners, the cabinet included representatives of PSB, the Democratic Labour Party (PDT), MDB, PSD, and União Brasil. MDB’s Jader Filho became cities minister, while PSD’s Alexandre Silveira and Carlos Fávaro received the mines and energy and agriculture portfolios respectively. On 13 September 2023, André Fufuca of PP and Silvio Costa Filho of Republicanos entered the cabinet as ministers of sport and ports and airports. These appointments did not make every parliamentary member of their parties a government supporter. Conversely, PL’s opposition to Lula did not prevent cooperation in internal congressional elections: on 1 February 2025, Hugo Motta of Republicanos became Chamber president with 444 votes, supported by a parliamentary bloc that included both PT and PL. (www1.folha.uol.com.br)\n\nRelations between national and subnational parties likewise did not follow a uniform government–opposition division. Lula met the governors of all 26 states and the Federal District on 27 January 2023 within the institutional framework of Brazilian federalism. Electoral competition nevertheless continued between their respective alliances. In São Paulo’s 2024 mayoral election, Governor Tarcísio de Freitas of Republicanos supported incumbent Ricardo Nunes of MDB, whereas Lula supported Guilherme Boulos of the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL), whose running mate was PT’s Marta Suplicy. Nunes won the 27 October runoff with 59.35% against Boulos’s 40.65%. The contest demonstrated that MDB participation in the federal cabinet did not entail alignment with PT in municipal elections. (gov.br)\n\nParty arrangements changed again before 2026. On 2 September 2025, the leaderships of União Brasil and PP announced their withdrawal of support from Lula’s government and instructed their affiliated ministers to leave office. This party decision was distinct from the immediate departure of every officeholder or a binding commitment on every legislative vote. On 26 March 2026, the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) approved the two parties’ União Progressista federation. Unlike a temporary electoral coalition, the federation required its constituent parties to operate jointly for at least four years, while preserving their separate party identities. (noticias.uol.com.br)\n\nBolsonaro’s exclusion from candidacy originated in an electoral judgment separate from these alliance negotiations. On 30 June 2023, the TSE ruled by five votes to two that he had abused political power and misused the media during the 2022 election. The case, brought by PDT, concerned his 18 July 2022 meeting with foreign ambassadors at the presidential residence, where he made unsupported allegations about electronic voting; the event was broadcast through official communication channels. The court imposed eight years of ineligibility measured from the 2022 election, covering the 2026 contest. The finding concerned the use of presidential authority and public communications for electoral advantage, not merely the expression of opposition to electoral institutions. Bolsonaro rejected the judgment and announced that he would appeal; that response was a political and legal challenge to the ruling, not a suspension of its effect. (tse.jus.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Offices contested and electoral systems",
      "text": "The 2026 elections covered the presidency and vice-presidency; 27 governorships and vice-governorships, comprising the 26 states and the Federal District; all 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies; 54 of the Senate’s 81 seats; 1,035 seats in state legislative assemblies; and all 24 seats in the Federal District’s Legislative Chamber. Executive officeholders and legislative deputies serve four-year terms, while senators serve eight years. The Chamber of Deputies was therefore renewed completely, whereas the Senate election renewed two-thirds of its membership, with two seats contested in each state and the Federal District. The remaining third belonged to the electoral cycle begun in 2022. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe presidential constituency is the whole of Brazil. Governors and legislative representatives are elected within their respective state or the Federal District; federal deputies are not elected from a single nationwide list. Presidential candidates run jointly with their vice-presidential candidates, and gubernatorial candidates with their vice-governors: a vote for the principal candidate also elects the running mate. These executive contests use a two-round system. Election in the first round requires more than half of valid votes, excluding blank and invalid ballots rather than counting them in the majority denominator. If no ticket reaches that threshold, the two leading tickets contest a runoff. In 2026, the first round was held on 4 October, with any necessary executive runoffs scheduled for 25 October. (tse.jus.br)\n\nSenate elections instead use a two-seat plurality contest. Each voter may choose two different senatorial candidates, and the two candidates receiving the most votes in the constituency are elected, without an absolute-majority requirement or a runoff. The choices are not preferential rankings, and the two successful candidates need not belong to the same party. Selecting the same candidate twice does not give that candidate two votes: the second selection is invalid. Each senatorial candidacy includes two substitutes, elected with the principal candidate rather than through separate voter choices. (www12.senado.leg.br)\n\nFederal, state and district deputies are elected by open-list proportional representation. Voters may support an individual candidate or cast a party-list vote, known as a voto de legenda. Candidate votes count both towards the candidate’s personal ranking and towards the party or federation’s total; list votes contribute to the latter without expressing a candidate preference. For each legislative contest and constituency, the electoral quotient, \\(Q_E\\), is calculated by dividing valid votes by available seats. A fractional remainder of 0.5 or less is discarded, while a larger remainder is rounded upwards. The party quotient is then \\(Q_P=\\lfloor V_P/Q_E\\rfloor\\), where \\(V_P\\) is the party or federation’s valid-vote total. Initial seats are filled in descending order of candidates’ personal votes, provided each candidate has received at least 10% of \\(Q_E\\). (tse.jus.br)\n\nUnfilled seats are allocated successively by highest averages, dividing each list’s vote total by its seats already allocated plus one and recalculating after each allocation. Initially, a party or federation must have at least 80% of \\(Q_E\\), and its next eligible candidate at least 20% of \\(Q_E\\). Once no remaining list-and-candidate combination meets those conditions, all participating lists and their remaining candidates enter the final highest-averages allocation without those thresholds. These stages are set out in TSE Resolution 23.677, as amended for the rules applicable in 2026. (tse.jus.br)\n\nA party federation is treated as one electoral organization for vote aggregation, seat allocation and candidate ranking: votes for its constituent parties feed a common total, and their candidates compete within the federation’s combined list. Federations, introduced by Law 14.208 of 2021 and first used in the 2022 general election, operate nationally and ordinarily require a minimum four-year association. They differ from temporary electoral coalitions, which may support executive or Senate candidacies but cannot pool votes in proportional legislative elections; proportional coalitions have been prohibited since 2020. (tse.jus.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Electoral administration, eligibility, and timetable",
      "text": "Brazil’s Superior Electoral Court (TSE) coordinates electoral administration, issues implementing resolutions, manages national electoral systems and adjudicates presidential candidacy applications and electoral appeals. The 27 regional electoral courts (TREs), covering the states and Federal District, supervise administration within their jurisdictions, decide registrations for governor, senator and federal, state and district deputy, and aggregate the corresponding results. Electoral judges and registry offices administer voter enrolment and local preparations, while polling-station boards conduct voting and electoral boards oversee local counting procedures. Presidential results are aggregated nationally by the TSE; certification of other general-election winners belongs to the TREs. These administrative and adjudicative functions operate within the specialized electoral judiciary. (tse.jus.br)\n\nUnder Article 14 of the Constitution, registration and voting are compulsory for literate Brazilian citizens aged 18–70, and optional for people aged 16–17, those over 70 and people who are illiterate. Foreign nationals and conscripts undertaking compulsory military service cannot enrol. For 2026, young electors had to reach 16 by the first-round date, 4 October. Voters registered in the overseas electoral constituency could vote only for president and vice-president, not for congressional or state offices. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe deadline for obtaining a first voter registration, transferring electoral domicile or revising registration details was 6 May 2026; the register closed to these applications on 7 May. An earlier procedural deadline applied to online applications by domestically domiciled people without valid electoral biometric records: they had to apply online by 6 April, leaving time to complete the required in-person procedures by 6 May. The May deadline therefore governed eligibility to enter or update the register, rather than requiring every elector with an existing valid registration to register again. (tse.jus.br)\n\nCandidates must satisfy nationality, literacy, voter-registration and political-rights requirements and must not fall within a statutory ground of ineligibility. Ordinary eligibility rules required electoral domicile in the constituency and approved party affiliation at least six months before polling—4 April 2026—subject to legally specified exceptions. Minimum ages are 35 for president, vice-president and senator; 30 for governor and vice-governor; and 21 for federal, state and district deputy. Age assessment is not uniformly tied to election day: Law No. 15,230 of 2 October 2025 specifies inauguration for executive candidates and a legally presumed assumption-of-office date, within 90 days of the relevant chamber’s governing-board election, for these legislative candidates. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe nomination calendar allowed party conventions from 20 July to 5 August, followed by the ordinary candidacy-filing deadline of 7 p.m. on 15 August. Parties, federations and coalitions prepared applications through CANDex; convention selection did not itself constitute judicial approval of a candidacy. Applications were processed in the electronic judicial system, with a five-day period following publication for challenges by authorized parties, candidates and electoral prosecutors. Citizens could separately submit information alleging ineligibility. The competent court examined documentation, could require defects to be corrected, and granted or refused registration, subject to appeal. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe TSE approved the official timetable through Resolution No. 23,760 on 2 March 2026. It authorized general campaigning from 16 August and first-round free radio and television advertising from 28 August to 1 October. These dates defined legally permitted periods, rather than documenting particular campaign launches or completed registration decisions. The first-round polling date was 4 October; as of the section’s 15 October 2026 cutoff, the runoff remained scheduled for 25 October. The calendar permitted runoff rallies and other fixed-sound events from 5 p.m. on 5 October. (tse.jus.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Presidential candidates, running mates, and alliances",
      "text": "The presidential registration process initially produced 13 applications, including the incumbent ticket of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Geraldo Alckmin. By 11 September 2026, the Superior Electoral Court (TSE) had approved 12 tickets and rejected Pablo Marçal’s application for the Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB). A subsequent replacement application and withdrawal meant that the original filing list, the list of approved candidates, and the final field were not identical. The table records approved tickets and the two successive PRTB applications separately. “Approved” describes registration, not election to office. (www12.senado.leg.br)\n\nPresidential candidate | Running mate | Candidate parties, president / vice-president | Registered coalition or party support | Ballot number | Registration outcome or subsequent disposition\nLula | Geraldo Alckmin | PT / PSB | Brasil Pronto pra Mais: PT, PCdoB, PV, PSB, PDT, PSOL and Rede | 13 | Approved\nRenan Santos | Aroldo Medina, known as Coronel Medina | Missão / Missão | Missão | 14 | Approved\nHertz Dias | Vanessa Portugal | PSTU / PSTU | PSTU | 16 | Approved\nEdmilson Costa | Cleusa Santos | PCB / PCB | PCB | 21 | Approved\nFlávio Bolsonaro | Alfredo Gaspar | PL / PL | PL | 22 | Approved\nClariana Barão | Fabiana Torquato | DC / DC | DC | 27 | Approved\nPablo Marçal | Leonardo Avalanche | PRTB / PRTB | PRTB | 28 | Presidential registration rejected, 11 September\nLeonardo Avalanche | Silvia Hellen da Silva Pereira | PRTB / PRTB | PRTB | 28 | Replacement application; withdrawal announced, 30 September\nRui Costa Pimenta | Antônio Carlos | PCO / PCO | PCO | 29 | Approved\nRomeu Zema | Eduardo Girão | Novo / Novo | Novo | 30 | Approved\nWilson Grassi | Suêd Haidar | Democrata / Democrata | Democrata | 35 | Approved\nRonaldo Caiado | Gilberto Kassab | PSD / PSD | PSD | 55 | Approved\nAugusto Cury | Júlio Delgado | Avante / Avante | Brasil dos Nossos Sonhos: Agir and Avante | 70 | Approved\nSamara Martins | Raquel Brício | UP / UP | UP | 80 | Approved\n\nTicket names and approvals follow the TSE’s registration announcement; ballot numbers and registered alliance names follow its candidate information, supplemented by published records for the Cury coalition and the replacement PRTB ticket. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe Workers’ Party (PT) nominated Lula at its national convention at Expo Center Norte in São Paulo on 2 August. Alckmin, of the Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB), again occupied the vice-presidential position, repeating the ticket elected in 2022. Lula had served as president in 2003–2010 and returned to the presidency in 2023; Alckmin was the incumbent vice-president and a former governor of São Paulo. Their application was among those already received by the TSE in its 14 August registration report. The supporting coalition brought together seven parties, including the PT–PCdoB–PV and PSOL–Rede federations. (agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br)\n\nThe Liberal Party (PL) formally nominated Flávio Bolsonaro in São Paulo on 25 July. Bolsonaro, previously a state deputy and subsequently a senator for Rio de Janeiro, was contesting the presidency for the first time. On 5 August, he announced federal deputy Alfredo Gaspar as his running mate. Both belonged to the PL, and the registered presidential application was a single-party ticket rather than a multiparty coalition. Its filing was also recorded in the TSE’s 14 August report. (agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br)\n\nThe other approved tickets represented separate party nominations rather than alternative candidates within either principal alliance. Avante nominated Augusto Cury at its 3 August national convention at the São Paulo Legislative Assembly; his ticket with Júlio Delgado subsequently appeared under Brasil dos Nossos Sonhos. The TSE approved that ticket on 11 September. On the same date, it unanimously rejected Marçal’s presidential registration, citing failure to establish timely PRTB affiliation. The PRTB then submitted Avalanche, previously its vice-presidential candidate, as the replacement presidential nominee, with Silvia Hellen da Silva Pereira as running mate. Avalanche announced his withdrawal on 30 September. (avante70.org.br)\n\nAn electoral coalition is an election-specific alliance permitted for majority contests, including the presidency; it does not merge its constituent parties. A party federation, by contrast, is registered nationally with the TSE, operates as a single grouping in both majority and proportional elections, and requires its members to remain together for at least four years. Thus, Brasil Pronto pra Mais was a presidential coalition containing federations alongside individual parties, not itself a federation. Presidential coalition membership also did not require identical alliances in state contests. (tse.jus.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Campaign platforms, debates, and political communication",
      "text": "The published platforms of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Flávio Bolsonaro differed principally over fiscal policy, taxation and the allocation of public expenditure. Lula proposed retaining the existing fiscal framework, consolidating tax reform and expanding public investment through the Novo PAC infrastructure programme. Bolsonaro proposed a new expenditure ceiling, the elimination of at least ten ministries, reductions in administrative spending and renewed privatizations. His programme also called for reviewing the tax reform under implementation and reducing the value-added tax rate. On employment, Lula supported a 40-hour working week and ending the six-days-on, one-day-off schedule; Bolsonaro emphasized lower employment costs, a national vacancies database and greater scope for negotiated employment arrangements. These were programme commitments, rather than descriptions of measures already implemented. (www1.folha.uol.com.br)\n\nBoth programmes proposed maintaining social assistance, but identified different delivery mechanisms. Lula emphasized minimum-wage increases, the Pé-de-Meia secondary-school incentive programme, expanded technical institutes and full-time schooling. Bolsonaro proposed phonics-based literacy teaching, additional civic-military schools and private-school vouchers where public places were unavailable. Within the health system, Lula proposed expanding specialist access through Agora Tem Especialistas, strengthening Mais Médicos and extending medicine provision through Farmácia Popular. Bolsonaro proposed a unified electronic patient record, artificial-intelligence-assisted appointment scheduling and greater use of available private-sector capacity. Public-security proposals also diverged: Lula advocated a dedicated ministry and integrated intelligence against organized crime; Bolsonaro proposed designating criminal factions as narcoterrorist organizations and constructing five additional maximum-security federal prisons. (tse.jus.br)\n\nFor infrastructure and energy, Lula’s platform combined Novo PAC investment with renewable-energy development, biofuels and an ecological-transformation programme. It included family-farming credit through Pronaf, net-zero deforestation, fire prevention and climate diplomacy. Bolsonaro’s programme identified crop storage, irrigation, rural insurance, sustainable aviation fuels and payments for environmental services as priorities, alongside measures to reduce fires and deforestation. Its foreign-policy proposals emphasized trade opening and accession to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; Lula’s emphasized South American integration, multilateral institutions and relations with the Global South. These documents presented intended policies, not independently established forecasts of economic or environmental effects. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe public campaign opened on 16 August 2026: Lula rallied at the Vila Euclides stadium in São Bernardo do Campo, while Bolsonaro appeared at Copacabana Beach in Rio de Janeiro. The first televised presidential debate, broadcast by Band on 23 August, featured Ronaldo Caiado, Renan Santos and Augusto Cury; Lula, Bolsonaro and Romeu Zema were absent, with their lecterns left empty. Caiado advocated integrated operations against organized crime and greater penal-policy autonomy for governors, while Santos proposed emergency security measures and large maximum-security prisons. A subsequent Globo debate scheduled for 1 October was cancelled after Lula declined to attend and Bolsonaro also withdrew, leaving the two leading candidates without a televised first-round confrontation. (apnews.com)\n\nRegulated broadcast advertising was separate from broadcasters’ debates and interviews. The first-round free radio and television advertising period ran from 28 August to 1 October; presidential runoff broadcasts began on 9 October. General campaigning, including communication on the internet, was permitted from 16 August. Campaigns could therefore distribute their own programmes and video material while also seeking coverage through broadcasters and social media. The TSE published the presidential broadcast media plans and campaign insertions, making this regulated advertising material available for public consultation. (tse.jus.br)\n\nRules on artificial intelligence were updated by TSE Resolution 23.755 of 2 March 2026, amending Resolution 23.610/2019. Campaign material created or significantly altered through AI required explicit, prominent and accessible disclosure, covering text, audio, images and video. A further restriction prohibited publishing, republishing or paying to promote new synthetic content altering a candidate’s or public figure’s image, voice or statements during the 72 hours before voting and the following 24 hours, even when labelled. The regulations also prohibited electoral disinformation and required providers to take effective action against unlawful content, including stopping its promotion and monetization; removal did not preclude applicable penalties. (tse.jus.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Campaign finance and opinion polling",
      "text": "Campaign funding was governed by TSE Resolution 23,607/2019, as amended for 2026. Permitted sources included candidates’ own resources, individual donations, transfers from parties and other candidates, fundraising events, and public funds. Corporate and foreign donations were prohibited. Individual financial donations were generally limited to 10% of the donor’s gross income in the preceding year; candidates’ self-financing was capped at 10% of the expenditure ceiling for their office. Campaigns required a registration application, a campaign tax identifier, designated bank accounts and electoral receipts, allowing donations and expenditure to be traced to identified sources. These requirements also applied to donations collected through authorized crowdfunding platforms. (tse.jus.br)\n\nPublic financing came through the Special Campaign Financing Fund (Fundo Especial de Financiamento de Campanha, FEFC) and the separate Party Fund (Fundo Partidário). The FEFC total was R$4.9 billion; resources passed through national party directorates rather than being allocated equally among presidential tickets. Unused FEFC money had to be returned to the Treasury. On 1 July 2026, the TSE retained the expenditure ceilings used in 2022, subsequently publishing Ordinance 449/2026. The presidential ceiling was approximately R$133 million across both rounds. The ceiling calculation included contracted expenditure, relevant transfers and donations in kind, not simply payments already made. Exceeding it attracted a fine equal to the excess and could also be examined in separate proceedings concerning abuse of economic power. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe new Conta+JE platform received campaign accounts, while DivulgaCandContas provided public access to declared receipts, expenditure, donors and suppliers. Partial accounts submitted on 9–13 September covered transactions through 8 September and became publicly available on 15 September. The TSE also published accounting datasets through its statistics and open-data portals. These disclosures were campaign declarations subject to subsequent examination, not audited findings approving the accounts. A CNN Brasil extraction published on 10 October reported the following rounded figures for the two runoff campaigns, using first-round declarations and updates through 5 October. Receipts below are approximately reconstructed from the expenditure and remaining-resource figures reported in that extraction; contracted expenditure must be distinguished from cash paid. (tse.jus.br)\n\nPresidential ticket | Approximate declared receipts | Declared expenditure\nLula–Geraldo Alckmin, PT-led ticket | R$87.6 million | R$65.6 million\nFlávio Bolsonaro–Alfredo Gaspar, PL | R$70.66 million | R$65.19 million\n\nLula’s campaign had paid R$34.8 million, approximately 53% of its declared expenditure. The broad “services provided by third parties” category accounted for R$40.7 million for Lula and R$39.6 million for Flávio Bolsonaro. These figures describe the reporting snapshot, not the campaigns’ eventual two-round totals. (cnnbrasil.com.br)\n\nFrom 1 January, publicly released opinion polls required registration in PesqEle at least five days before publication. Registration identified the commissioning organization, funding, fieldwork dates, methodology, sampling and weighting arrangements, confidence level and margin of error. Selected late-campaign national measurements illustrate the importance of retaining those methodological details alongside headline percentages. Datafolha’s surveys below covered electors aged 16 or older nationwide and used face-to-face interviews; both reported a maximum uncertainty of ±2 percentage points at 95% confidence. (tse.jus.br)\n\nPollster and sponsor | Fieldwork; sample | Contest and reported percentages\nDatafolha; Folha de S.Paulo/TV Globo | 29 September–1 October; 2,506 interviews in 152 municipalities | First-round valid-vote estimate: Lula 45%, Flávio Bolsonaro 40%\nDatafolha; Folha de S.Paulo/TV Globo | 6–7 October; 2,520 interviews in 153 municipalities | Actual runoff contest, total voting intentions: Flávio Bolsonaro 49%, Lula 45%\n\nThe first survey was registered as BR-08039/2026 and the second as BR-02949/2026. The latter’s figures became 52%–48% when restricted to estimated valid votes, demonstrating why total-intention and valid-vote percentages are not interchangeable. (datafolha.folha.uol.com.br)\n\nDatafolha’s final pre-election release put Lula at 45% of valid votes and Flávio Bolsonaro at 42%; Quaest’s final release put them at 46% and 45%, respectively. The TSE’s 5 October bulletin, with 99.99% of machines counted, instead reported Flávio Bolsonaro at 47.03% and Lula at 45.16%. Thus, both final surveys placed Lula numerically ahead, whereas the recorded count placed Flávio ahead. A reported margin of error describes sampling uncertainty under the survey’s assumptions, not a guarantee against nonresponse, coverage differences or changes after interviewing. Pre-first-round hypothetical runoff questions likewise measured a different choice from the multi-candidate ballot; post-first-round surveys concerned the actual contest scheduled for 25 October, still pending at the 15 October information cutoff. (www1.folha.uol.com.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Voting operations, participation, and observation",
      "text": "First-round polling on 4 October 2026 followed a synchronized nationwide timetable of 08:00–17:00 Brasília time, rather than identical local-clock hours: in Acre, for example, polling ran from 06:00 to 15:00. Voters already queuing at closing time retained the right to vote. The electronic voting machine presented six successive choices: federal deputy; state deputy, or Federal District deputy; first senator; second senator; governor and vice-governor; and president and vice-president. Voters entered candidate or party numbers, checked the displayed information and confirmed each choice separately. The two Senate selections therefore occupied distinct stages of the voting sequence. (tse.jus.br)\n\nIdentification required an accepted official photographic document, such as an identity card, passport or driving licence; the e-Título application could serve this purpose when it displayed the voter’s photograph. Accessibility arrangements included priority service for people with disabilities or reduced mobility, Braille markings on the keypad, synthesized audio and an on-screen interpreter in Brazilian Sign Language, Libras. Regional electoral courts were required to supply sufficient individual-use headphones, without reuse between voters. The Superior Electoral Court (TSE) reported nearly two million registered voters with disabilities and more than 220,000 accessible polling sections for the election. (tse.jus.br)\n\nMachine preparation linked the centrally supplied electoral software to constituency-specific data. Electoral offices generated media containing the official candidate lists and each polling section’s electoral register, loaded the machines and applied tamper-evident physical seals. Resolution 23.751, adopted on 26 February 2026, required detailed preparation records, including software versions, participating personnel, machines prepared for voting and contingency use, verification results and defective media. Before polling, officials printed the zerésima, a report establishing that no votes had yet been recorded. Published electoral audit arrangements included checks of software authenticity, digital signatures and hashes, election-day integrity tests, and subsequent comparisons between machine records and reported totals. (tse.jus.br)\n\nAfter the last voter had finished, each machine counted its section’s votes and printed the Boletim de Urna (BU), the precinct return. Five copies were mandatory, including one posted outside the polling room. Removable results media were then taken to electoral boards for transmission into the electoral authorities’ aggregation systems. This separated the local count from subsequent transmission and national aggregation: the printed BU provided a record against which the electronically received figures could be checked. The TSE’s published verification procedures also allowed comparison of a recount from the Digital Vote Record (Registro Digital do Voto, RDV) with the BU, and comparison of precinct returns with the aggregation system’s section-level reports. (tse.jus.br)\n\nFor the nationwide presidential contest, Correio Braziliense’s reproduction of TSE data, timestamped 5 October at 12:51:47 and showing 100% counted, recorded attendance of 125,275,835 voters, or 78.92% of the electorate covered by the returns, and abstention of 33,469,244, or 21.08%. These registration-based measures were distinct from ballot classifications among those who voted: 2,300,798 presidential ballots were blank (1.84% of attendance), 3,674,249 were invalid (2.93%), and 119,300,788 were valid candidate votes. These figures describe the presidential ballot, not a combined invalid-ballot rate across all six choices. An earlier election-night statement by TSE president Kassio Nunes Marques had reported abstention at 21.07%, illustrating the importance of identifying the reporting time. (eleicoes.correiobraziliense.com.br)\n\nThe principal documented national dissemination incident was an approximately 50-minute delay in updating the public results dashboard. Nunes Marques attributed it to unusually heavy data traffic and said security checks preceded restoration. In its 7 October account of preliminary election observation reports, the TSE stated that the Organization of American States mission—91 observers from 23 nationalities—found that aggregation had continued during the interruption. The same account reported favourable assessments of organization and transparency from Parlasur and the Carter Center. These were preliminary observer findings, distinct from the administrator’s explanation of the dashboard correction and from any judicial determination of an electoral violation. (www12.senado.leg.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Presidential first-round results and electoral geography",
      "text": "Flávio Bolsonaro of the Liberal Party (PL) and incumbent president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of the Workers’ Party (PT) advanced from the presidential first round held on 4 October 2026. The Superior Electoral Court (TSE) announced their qualification early on 5 October: at 00:11, with 99.99% of voting machines counted, Bolsonaro had 56,104,268 votes and Lula 53,876,617. These announcement-stage figures preceded the completed count shown below. Neither candidate was elected president in the first round; as of the information cutoff of 15 October, their runoff remained scheduled for 25 October. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe completed tabulation covered all 499,248 polling sections and recorded 119,300,788 valid presidential votes. The following table identifies each ticket by its presidential candidate; percentages exclude blank and invalid ballots and are rounded to two decimal places. The figures are completed vote-tabulation results, rather than the earlier election-night snapshot. (olhardireto.com.br)\n\nPresidential candidate | Party | Votes | Valid votes\nFlávio Bolsonaro | PL | 56,104,503 | 47.03%\nLuiz Inácio Lula da Silva | PT | 53,879,538 | 45.16%\nAugusto Cury | Avante | 3,448,569 | 2.89%\nRenan Santos | Missão | 2,675,887 | 2.24%\nRonaldo Caiado | PSD | 2,605,148 | 2.18%\nRomeu Zema | Novo | 326,488 | 0.27%\nSamara Martins | UP | 122,911 | 0.10%\nHertz Dias | PSTU | 43,103 | 0.04%\nClariana Barão | DC | 40,043 | 0.03%\nEdmilson Costa | PCB | 22,693 | 0.02%\nWilson Grassi | Democrata | 16,881 | 0.01%\nRui Costa Pimenta | PCO | 15,024 | 0.01%\n\nSource: completed presidential results, reproduced by Olhar Direto. (olhardireto.com.br)\n\nUnder the absolute-majority requirement established by Brazil’s Constitution, a first-round victory required more than half the valid votes. With \\(V=119{,}300{,}788\\), the minimum winning total was \\(\\lfloor V/2\\rfloor+1=59{,}650{,}395\\). Bolsonaro therefore finished 3,545,892 votes short of election, notwithstanding his lead of 2,224,965 votes over Lula. The two highest-polling tickets qualified for the second round because neither crossed that threshold. (tse.jus.br)\n\nState and Federal District results\n\nThe geographic distribution placed Lula first in all nine northeastern states and in Amazonas, Amapá and Pará. Bolsonaro led in the other 14 states and the Federal District, including every state in the South and Southeast. The table gives each finalist’s share of all valid presidential votes within the relevant jurisdiction, not their share of votes cast for the two finalists alone; the state results displayed 100% reporting. These state-level pluralities did not themselves award presidential electoral votes: the presidency was determined by the nationwide vote. (noticias.uol.com.br)\n\nRegion | State or Federal District | Bolsonaro | Lula\nNorth | Acre | 64.56% | 28.73%\nNorth | Amapá | 45.67% | 45.71%\nNorth | Amazonas | 45.00% | 48.23%\nNorth | Pará | 44.50% | 49.91%\nNorth | Rondônia | 67.45% | 25.89%\nNorth | Roraima | 71.06% | 22.86%\nNorth | Tocantins | 50.44% | 43.42%\nNortheast | Alagoas | 40.45% | 54.73%\nNortheast | Bahia | 28.53% | 66.17%\nNortheast | Ceará | 31.27% | 63.29%\nNortheast | Maranhão | 30.90% | 63.99%\nNortheast | Paraíba | 33.07% | 61.31%\nNortheast | Pernambuco | 31.03% | 63.45%\nNortheast | Piauí | 24.09% | 70.99%\nNortheast | Rio Grande do Norte | 34.77% | 59.75%\nNortheast | Sergipe | 30.63% | 62.75%\nCentral-West | Federal District | 51.31% | 38.11%\nCentral-West | Goiás | 53.60% | 31.06%\nCentral-West | Mato Grosso | 65.15% | 29.18%\nCentral-West | Mato Grosso do Sul | 58.60% | 34.68%\nSoutheast | Espírito Santo | 54.78% | 37.76%\nSoutheast | Minas Gerais | 48.24% | 43.33%\nSoutheast | Rio de Janeiro | 53.01% | 39.41%\nSoutheast | São Paulo | 51.93% | 38.20%\nSouth | Paraná | 59.91% | 31.20%\nSouth | Rio Grande do Sul | 55.64% | 35.73%\nSouth | Santa Catarina | 66.65% | 25.04%\n\nSource: UOL’s state-by-state presidential tabulation. (noticias.uol.com.br)\n\nMunicipal results exposed differences concealed by statewide totals. In São Paulo municipality, Lula led with 3,052,349 votes, or 46.58%, against Bolsonaro’s 2,760,747, or 42.13%, reversing their order across São Paulo state. This comparison concerns the municipality, not the entire metropolitan region. Overseas voting likewise differed from the national result: the TSE figures compiled by UOL gave Lula 157,387 votes against Bolsonaro’s 143,900. Portugal contributed 26,401 votes to Lula and 19,412 to Bolsonaro, whereas the United States gave Bolsonaro 45,004 against Lula’s 23,335. Country totals thus also concealed substantial variation within the overseas electorate. (cnnbrasil.com.br)\n\nOn a consistent first-round, valid-vote basis, Lula’s national share fell from 48.43% in 2022 to 45.16% in 2026, a decrease of 3.27 percentage points. Flávio Bolsonaro’s 47.03% exceeded Jair Bolsonaro’s 2022 first-round share of 43.20% by 3.83 points, although these were different candidates. Lula had led in 14 states in the 2022 first round; in 2026 he led in 12, with Minas Gerais and Tocantins changing from Lula pluralities to PL pluralities. The Northeast remained uniformly Lula-leading at state level. These comparisons describe changes in aggregate electoral distribution, not the movements or motivations of individual voters. (tse.jus.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Congressional elections",
      "text": "The 4 October election renewed all 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 54 of the 81 seats in the Federal Senate. The Liberal Party (PL) won the largest delegation in both chambers. Chamber counting concluded at 12:51 on 5 October, when the Superior Electoral Court released the remaining Minas Gerais results. The new congressional terms begin on 1 February 2027; deputies serve four years and the senators elected in 2026 serve eight. The figures below distinguish completed counting from projections of parliamentary membership, with an information cutoff of 15 October 2026. (camara.leg.br)\n\nThe Chamber’s published comparison grouped parties belonging to party federations together, including their combined representation in the preceding election. PL increased its delegation by 24 seats, while PT–PCdoB–PV gained six and União–PP lost 18. Within the two largest federations, PT won 70 seats, PCdoB 11 and PV seven; União Brasil won 46 and PP 41. These component-party figures are included in, rather than additional to, the federation totals. (camara.leg.br)\n\nParty or federation | 2022 comparison baseline | Elected in 2026 | Change\nPL | 97 | 121 | +24\nPT–PCdoB–PV | 82 | 88 | +6\nUnião–PP | 105 | 87 | −18\nPSD | 42 | 43 | +1\nRepublicanos | 40 | 41 | +1\nMDB | 41 | 36 | −5\nPodemos | 20 | 27 | +7\nPSB | 15 | 15 | 0\nPSOL–Rede | 15 | 15 | 0\nPSDB–Cidadania | 18 | 11 | −7\nNovo | 3 | 10 | +7\nPRD–Solidariedade | 12 | 7 | −5\nPDT | 16 | 6 | −10\nAvante | 7 | 5 | −2\nMissão | 0 | 1 | +1\nTotal | 513 | 513 | 0\n\nThe baseline is the Chamber Secretariat-General’s retrospective comparison, not a snapshot of membership immediately before voting. For that separate comparison, DIAP’s report published on 25 September recorded 98 sitting PL deputies, 82 for PT–PCdoB–PV, 98 for União–PP, 48 for PSD, 42 for Republicanos and 38 for MDB. Consequently, an electoral gain relative to 2022 did not necessarily represent growth against the outgoing delegation: PSD’s 43 elected deputies exceeded its published 2022 baseline by one but fell five short of the September membership figure. (camara.leg.br)\n\nEach state and the Federal District elected two senators. PL won both seats in the Federal District, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia and Santa Catarina; PT won both in Bahia, through Rui Costa and Jaques Wagner. The following table separates the 54 seats won in 2026 from the projected full chamber, which also incorporates the 27 continuing seats and anticipated substitutions following first-round gubernatorial victories. PL’s projected 28 members therefore comprised its 19 election winners and nine continuing seats. (camara.leg.br)\n\nParty | Seats won in 2026 | Projected full Senate\nPL | 19 | 28\nPT | 6 | 9\nMDB | 7 | 8\nPP | 3 | 6\nUnião Brasil | 3 | 6\nRepublicanos | 2 | 5\nPSD | 2 | 5\nPSB | 3 | 4\nNovo | 3 | 3\nPodemos | 2 | 2\nPSDB | 2 | 2\nRede | 1 | 1\nPDT | 1 | 1\nUnaffiliated | 0 | 1\nTotal | 54 | 81\n\nThe Senate projection was not a certified membership list for February 2027. It incorporated the prospective replacement of governors-elect Cleitinho, of Republicanos, by Alex Diniz, of PL, and Sergio Moro, of PL, by Luís Felipe Cunha, of União Brasil. Further substitutions remained possible after gubernatorial runoffs. Senate reporting also identified the Paraná election of Deltan Dallagnol, of Novo, as subject to a pending registration appeal. Such a candidacy dispute is distinct from completed vote counting and does not by itself establish a revised seat allocation. (agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br)\n\nNeither PL’s 121 deputies nor its projected 28 senators constituted an absolute majority: the corresponding thresholds were 257 and 41. Federation totals likewise did not establish a permanent government or opposition voting bloc. In particular, although PP and União Brasil contested the election within União Progressista, Senate reporting continued to count their parliamentary delegations separately. (camara.leg.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Gubernatorial and state legislative elections",
      "text": "Voting on 4 October covered the governorships and vice-governorships of all 26 states and the Federal District, alongside 1,035 state assembly seats and 24 seats in the Federal District’s Legislative Chamber. Executive tickets required more than half of valid votes to win outright; legislative seats were allocated separately through proportional representation. Twenty gubernatorial contests produced first-round winners in the initial reporting. Six jurisdictions proceeded to runoffs scheduled for 25 October, while Rio de Janeiro’s position changed following a judicially ordered recalculation. The information cutoff below is 15 October 2026. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe table identifies winning tickets by their gubernatorial candidate and lists both qualifiers where a runoff remained scheduled. Percentages are shares of valid gubernatorial votes in the cited reports; election-night reports and subsequent recalculations are distinguished where consequential.\n\nState or Federal District | Winning candidate or runoff qualifiers: party and first-round share | Position at the cutoff\nAcre | Mailza Assis, PP, 49.76%; Alan Rick, Republicanos, 32.27% | Runoff. (apuracoes.defatoonline.com.br)\nAlagoas | JHC, PSDB, 52.20% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nAmapá | Dr. Furlan, PSD, 62.75% | First-round victory; percentage reported on 5 October. (exame.com)\nAmazonas | Omar Aziz, PSD, 40.37%; Professora Maria do Carmo, PL, 24.73% | Runoff. (correiobraziliense.com.br)\nBahia | Jerônimo Rodrigues, PT, 55.80% | First-round victory. (exame.com)\nCeará | Elmano de Freitas, PT, 53.19% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nFederal District | Celina Leão, PP, 49.93%; Leandro Grass, PT, 34.47% | Runoff. (www1.folha.uol.com.br)\nEspírito Santo | Lorenzo Pazolini, Republicanos, 49.65%; Ricardo Ferraço, MDB, 34.06% | Runoff; counting complete. (agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br)\nGoiás | Daniel Vilela, MDB, 59.17% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nMaranhão | Eduardo Braide, PSD, 54.02% | First-round victory. (exame.com)\nMato Grosso | Otaviano Pivetta, Republicanos, 60.77% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nMato Grosso do Sul | Eduardo Riedel, PP, 67.07% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nMinas Gerais | Cleitinho, Republicanos, 55.40% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nPará | Dr. Daniel, Podemos, 51.36% | First-round victory. (exame.com)\nParaíba | Lucas Ribeiro, PP, 64.30% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nParaná | Sergio Moro, PL, 50.10% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nPernambuco | Raquel Lyra, PSD, 53.27% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nPiauí | Rafael Fonteles, PT, 70.90% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nRio de Janeiro | Douglas Ruas, PL, 50.88%; Eduardo Paes, PSD, 44.16%, after recalculation | Recalculation indicated a Ruas first-round victory; runoff preparations suspended pending plenary consideration. (tre-rj.jus.br)\nRio Grande do Norte | Allyson Bezerra, União Brasil, 36.94%; Cadu Xavier, PT, 36.16% | Runoff; counting complete. (www1.folha.uol.com.br)\nRio Grande do Sul | Luciano Zucco, PL, 58.05% | First-round victory. (exame.com)\nRondônia | Marcos Rogério, PL, 56.86% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nRoraima | Arthur Henrique, PL, 69.13% | First-round victory. (www12.senado.leg.br)\nSanta Catarina | Jorginho Mello, PL, 68.98% | First-round victory. (tse.jus.br)\nSão Paulo | Tarcísio de Freitas, Republicanos, 62.65% | First-round victory; counting complete. (tre-sp.jus.br)\nSergipe | Fábio Mitidieri, PSD, 59.27% | First-round victory. (exame.com)\nTocantins | Professora Dorinha, União Brasil, 45.52%; Vicentinho Júnior, PSDB, 43.94% | Runoff. (jota.info)\n\nState-level arrangements did not reproduce a single national coalition. In São Paulo, one of the country’s two largest electorates alongside Minas Gerais, Tarcísio de Freitas and Felício Ramuth, of Republicanos and MDB respectively, received 14,491,874 votes. Their coalition included PL, PSD and MDB, among other parties and federations. Fernando Haddad of PT, partnered with Márcio França of PSB, received 8,423,656 votes, or 36.42%, with support from the Brasil da Esperança and PSOL–Rede federations, PDT and PSB. PSD’s participation in Tarcísio’s coalition contrasted with Santa Catarina, where PSD’s João Rodrigues opposed the victorious PL–Novo ticket of Jorginho Mello and Adriano Silva. Mixed-party tickets also included Jerônimo Rodrigues of PT with Geraldo Júnior of MDB in Bahia, and Dr. Furlan of PSD with Luciana Gurgel of PL in Amapá. (exame.com)\n\nRio de Janeiro was a distinct administrative and judicial case. On 8 October, the Superior Electoral Court upheld the rejection of Anthony Garotinho’s candidacy registration. The regional court consequently excluded his 274,411 votes from the valid-vote denominator on 10 October. Douglas Ruas’s unchanged total of 4,271,199 votes then represented 50.88%, rather than 49.27%; Eduardo Paes’s share rose from 42.76% to 44.16%. This was a legal recalculation, not a recount of voting-machine records. The regional court scheduled consideration of the recalculated result for 15 October and suspended gubernatorial runoff preparations and advertising pending its plenary decision. (tre-rj.jus.br)\n\nThe legislative results were independent of the executive outcomes. São Paulo’s 94 assembly seats were distributed as follows: PL 27; PT 16; PSD and PSOL nine each; Podemos and Republicanos six each; MDB and PP five each; União Brasil four; PSB three; and Missão, Novo, PRD and PSDB one each. Compared with the 2022 election results, PL gained eight seats, PT lost two, PSD gained five, PSOL gained four, Republicanos lost two and PSDB lost eight. These electoral changes differed from comparisons with the outgoing assembly: immediately before the election, PL held 21 seats and PT 17, reflecting intervening changes in affiliation. The União Progressista federation’s nine elected members comprised five from PP and four from União Brasil. (al.sp.gov.br)\n\nThe Federal District elected its entire 24-member legislature while leaving the governorship undecided. Counting the elected candidates by affiliation gave PL five seats; PP, PT, MDB and Republicanos three each; PSOL and PSB two each; and União Brasil, Podemos and PSD one each. Max Maciel of PSOL led the individual vote with 92,234 votes, followed by Eduardo Pedrosa of União Brasil with 50,833 and Chico Vigilante of PT with 50,046. These legislative totals were separate from Celina Leão’s 49.93% gubernatorial share and did not constitute the election of an executive governing majority. (noticias.uol.com.br)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Runoff, certification, and assumption of office",
      "text": "As of the information cutoff of 15 October 2026, the presidential election remained undecided: Flávio Bolsonaro of the Liberal Party (PL) and incumbent Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva of the Workers’ Party (PT) were scheduled to contest the runoff on 25 October. Gubernatorial runoffs were also pending in Acre, Amazonas, Espírito Santo, Rio Grande do Norte, Tocantins and the Federal District. These were separate contests: support for a presidential candidate did not necessarily distinguish the competing state tickets. In Acre and Tocantins, for example, both gubernatorial finalists supported Bolsonaro. No presidential or outstanding gubernatorial runoff winner had therefore been determined at the cutoff. (agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br)\n\nThe first post-election week produced several formally announced endorsements. Former presidential candidates Romeu Zema and Ronaldo Caiado endorsed Bolsonaro on 5 and 6 October, respectively; Augusto Cury announced his support on 8 October. On Lula’s side, the Unified Socialist Workers’ Party (PSTU) announced a “critical” endorsement on 7 October, while Popular Unity (UP), represented in the first round by Samara Martins, announced support on 8 October. The Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) also endorsed Lula. These declarations recorded the positions of candidates and parties, rather than a transfer of their first-round votes. (cnnbrasil.com.br)\n\nThe electoral calendar provided for free second-round radio and television advertising from 9 to 23 October, with 23 October also the final permissible day for broadcast debates, which could not continue beyond midnight. These were regulatory windows, not evidence that a particular debate had occurred or that either ticket had adopted a revised programme. Voting on 25 October would be followed by aggregation of the returns and the electoral authorities’ formal declaration of the results; neither the campaign timetable nor first-round qualification constituted certification of election. (tse.jus.br)\n\nCertification, known as diplomação, was required by 18 December 2026. It is distinct from the publication of vote totals and from assumption of office: the electoral authorities issue a diploma formally recognizing the person elected. Presidential and vice-presidential diplomas are signed by the president of the Superior Electoral Court (TSE); gubernatorial and vice-gubernatorial diplomas are signed by the president of the relevant regional electoral court. Under Article 215 of the Electoral Code, each diploma identifies the elected candidate, the party under which the candidate contested and the office won. (tse.jus.br)\n\nCertification does not eliminate all avenues of electoral litigation. An appeal against issuance of a diploma (recurso contra expedição de diploma, RCED) concerns supervening or constitutional ineligibility, or the absence of an eligibility qualification. The applicable deadline is three days after the final date fixed for certification, with the clock suspended between 20 December and 20 January. Separately, an action challenging an elective mandate (ação de impugnação de mandato eletivo, AIME) may be brought within 15 days after certification, supported by evidence of abuse of economic power, corruption or fraud. The Electoral Code requires certification to note that results may change when an appeal capable of affecting them remains pending. (tse.jus.br)\n\nThe scheduled assumption-of-office dates were 5 January 2027 for the president and vice-president and 6 January 2027 for governors and vice-governors. Constitutional Amendment No. 111, promulgated on 28 September 2021, introduced these dates beginning with the 2026 elections. Its transitional provisions extended the terms of the president and governors elected in 2022 until their successors took office on the respective January dates, rather than ending those terms on 1 January 2027. (planalto.gov.br)"
    }
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  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "MOE Brasil 2022 — Informe Final",
      "url": "https://scm.oas.org/pdfs/2025/CP50946PMOE.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lula é eleito novamente presidente da República do Brasil",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2022/Outubro/lula-e-eleito-novamente-presidente-da-republica-do-brasil"
    },
    {
      "title": "PL desponta como maior bancada da Câmara, seguido pela federação liderada pelo PT",
      "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/911504-pl-sai-na-frente-na-eleicao-da-camara-seguida-pela-federacao-liderada-pelo-pt/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lula fecha lista ministerial com espaço ampliado para MDB, PSD e União Brasil",
      "url": "https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/12/lula-fecha-lista-ministerial-com-espaco-ampliado-para-mdb-psd-e-uniao-brasil.shtml"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lula anuncia os últimos ministros do governo",
      "url": "https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/12/29/lula-ultimos-ministros-nomes.amp.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Presidente Lula assina termos de posse de ministros do Esporte, de Portos e Aeroportos e da nova pasta do Empreendedorismo",
      "url": "https://agenciagov.ebc.com.br/noticias/202309/presidente-assina-termos-de-posse-de-ministros-do-esporte-de-portos-e-aeroportos-e-da-nova-pasta-do-empreendedorismo"
    },
    {
      "title": "Hugo Motta é o novo presidente da Câmara dos Deputados",
      "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/1128935-hugo-motta-e-o-novo-presidente-da-camara-dos-deputados/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Retomada do diálogo e normalização da relação interfederativa",
      "url": "https://www.gov.br/secom/pt-br/assuntos/obrasilvoltou/respeito-e-dialogo/retomada-do-dialogo-e-normalizacao-da-relacao-interfederativa"
    },
    {
      "title": "Nunes derrota Boulos no 2º turno e é reeleito prefeito de São Paulo",
      "url": "https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/reuters/2024/10/27/nunes-derrota-boulos-no-2-turno-e-e-reeleito-prefeito-de-sao-paulo-projeta-datafolha.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "Ricardo Nunes é reeleito prefeito de São Paulo (SP)",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2024/Outubro/ricardo-nunes-mdb-e-reeleito-prefeito-de-sao-paulo"
    },
    {
      "title": "Federação de PP e União Brasil oficializa desembarque do governo Lula",
      "url": "https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2025/09/02/federacao-pp-e-uniao-brasil-oficializam-desembarque-de-governo-lula.amp.htm"
    },
    {
      "title": "TSE aprova registro da federação União Progressista",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Marco/tse-aprova-registro-da-federacao-uniao-progressista-1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Confira quais cargos estarão em disputa nas Eleições 2026",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Janeiro/confira-quais-cargos-estarao-em-disputa-nas-eleicoes-2026"
    },
    {
      "title": "Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/constituicao-federal/constituicao-da-republica-federativa-do-brasil"
    },
    {
      "title": "Por Dentro das Eleições: Brasil utiliza sistemas eleitorais majoritário e proporcional",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Abril/por-dentro-das-eleicoes-brasil-utiliza-sistemas-eleitorais-majoritario-e-proporcional"
    },
    {
      "title": "Lei das Eleições – Lei n. 9.504, de 30 de setembro de 1997",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/lei-das-eleicoes/lei-das-eleicoes-lei-nb0-9.504-de-30-de-setembro-de-1997"
    },
    {
      "title": "Eleições 2026: conheça a ordem de votação na urna eletrônica",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Marco/eleicoes-2026-conheca-a-ordem-de-votacao-na-urna-eletronica"
    },
    {
      "title": "Eleições 2026: veja o que é fato sobre o voto para o Senado",
      "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2026/09/28/eleicoes-2026-veja-o-que-e-fato-sobre-o-voto-para-o-senado"
    },
    {
      "title": "Quocientes eleitoral, partidário e sobras por média: entenda como funcionam esses cálculos eleitorais",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2023/Julho/quocientes-eleitoral-partidario-e-sobras-por-media-entenda-como-funcionam-esses-calculos-eleitorais"
    },
    {
      "title": "RESOLUÇÃO Nº 23.677, DE 16 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2021",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/compilada/res/2021/resolucao-no-23-677-de-16-de-dezembro-de-2021"
    },
    {
      "title": "Saiba o que é uma federação partidária",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2025/Julho/saiba-o-que-e-uma-federacao-partidaria"
    },
    {
      "title": "Conheça as atribuições do TSE e dos TREs",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2025/Janeiro/saiba-quais-sao-as-atribuicoes-do-tse-e-dos-tres-1"
    },
    {
      "title": "Entenda como funcionam os Tribunais Regionais Eleitorais",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2023/Janeiro/entenda-como-funcionam-os-tribunais-regionais-eleitorais"
    },
    {
      "title": "Justiça Eleitoral: composição, competências e funções",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/institucional/escola-judiciaria-eleitoral/publicacoes/revistas-da-eje/artigos/revista-eletronica-eje-n.-1-ano-4/justica-eleitoral-composicao-competencias-e-funcoes"
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    },
    {
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    },
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      "url": "https://eleicoes.tupi.fm/candidatos/br/280002551547"
    },
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    },
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    },
    {
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    },
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      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Agosto/eleicoes-2026-propaganda-eleitoral-nas-ruas-e-na-internet-comeca-neste-domingo-16"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Setembro/tse-disponibiliza-dados-da-prestacao-de-contas-parcial-das-campanhas-eleitorais"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/eleicoes/flavio-e-lula-gastam-r-1308-milhoes-em-campanhas-no-primeiro-turno/"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Janeiro/eleicoes-2026-pesquisas-eleitorais-devem-ser-registradas-a-partir-desta-quinta-1o"
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    {
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      "url": "https://datafolha.folha.uol.com.br/eleicoes/2026/10/no-1o-turno-lula-pt-lidera-com-45-dos-validos-e-flavio-bolsonaro-pl-tem-40.shtml"
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    },
    {
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      "url": "https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2026/10/datafolha-flavio-bolsonaro-tem-52-e-lula-48-em-votos-validos-no-segundo-turno.shtml"
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    },
    {
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      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2022/Outubro/100-das-secoes-totalizadas-confira-como-ficou-o-quadro-eleitoral-apos-o-1o-turno"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/lula-ganha-em-14-estados-e-bolsonaro-em-12-e-no-df-veja-lista/"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/1309192-pl-sai-na-frente-na-eleicao-da-camara-dos-deputados-com-121-eleitos"
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    {
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      "url": "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_parlamentares_no_Brasil_em_2026"
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      "url": "https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2026/10/com-121-deputados-pl-tera-maior-bancada-da-camara-veja-eleitos-por-estado.shtml"
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      "url": "https://www.diap.org.br/index.php/noticias/agencia-diap/93152-diap-projeta-nova-composicao-da-camara-para-2027"
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      "url": "https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2026-10/pl-elege-19-senadores-e-soma-28-mdb-conquista-sete-vagas-e-pt-seis"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2026/10/04/pl-tera-maior-bancada-em-inicio-de-legislatura-no-senado-desde-1988"
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      "url": "https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/materias/2026/10/04/eleicao-para-governador-e-definida-em-primeiro-turno-em-20-estados"
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      "url": "https://exame.com/brasil/eleicoes-2026-veja-os-governadores-que-foram-eleitos-no-1o-turno/"
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      "url": "https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/politica/2026/09/amp/7511864-omar-aziz-e-maria-do-carmo-vao-ao-segundo-turno-por-governo-do-amazonas.html"
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      "url": "https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2026/10/celina-leao-pp-e-leandro-grass-pt-vao-disputar-o-2o-turno-no-df-projeta-datafolha.shtml"
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    {
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      "url": "https://www.tre-sp.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Outubro/eleicoes-2026-tarcisio-de-freitas-e-reeleito-governador-de-sao-paulo"
    },
    {
      "title": "Flávio Bolsonaro, Lula head for runoff in Brazil’s presidential race | Agência Brasil",
      "url": "https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2026-10/flavio-bolsonaro-lula-head-runoff-brazils-presidential-race"
    },
    {
      "title": "Quem os governadores eleitos e candidatos no 2º turno apoiarão a presidente | CNN Brasil",
      "url": "https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/eleicoes/quem-governadores-eleitos-e-candidatos-ao-2o-turno-apoiarao-a-presidencia/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Veja os partidos que declararam apoio a Flávio Bolsonaro e a Lula | CNN Brasil",
      "url": "https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/eleicoes/veja-os-partidos-que-declararam-apoio-a-flavio-bolsonaro-e-a-lula/"
    },
    {
      "title": "Eleições 2026: confira as principais datas do calendário eleitoral",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/comunicacao/noticias/2026/Marco/eleicoes-2026-confira-as-principais-datas-do-calendario-eleitoral"
    },
    {
      "title": "RESOLUÇÃO Nº 23.748, DE 26 DE FEVEREIRO DE 2026",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/compilada/res/2026/resolucao-no-23-748-de-26-de-fevereiro-de-2026"
    },
    {
      "title": "Código Eleitoral — Lei n. 4.737, de 15 de julho de 1965",
      "url": "https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/codigo-eleitoral/codigo-eleitoral-1/codigo-eleitoral-lei-nb0-4.737-de-15-de-julho-de-1965"
    },
    {
      "title": "Resolução nº 23.677, de 16 de dezembro de 2021",
      "url": "https://sintse.tse.jus.br/documentos/2021/Dez/23/diario-da-justica-eletronico-tse-edicao-eleitoral/resolucao-no-23-677-de-16-de-dezembro-de-2021-dispoe-sobre-os-sistemas-eleitorais-a-destinacao-dos-v"
    },
    {
      "title": "Emenda Constitucional nº 111",
      "url": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/emendas/emc/emc111.htm"
    }
  ],
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
}